Aliens in the sub-Antarctic - biosecurity and climate change

Whinam, Jennie

doi:10.26749/rstpp.143.1.45

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The largest cluster with 20 items (red) stems from a wider theme on climate change adaptation of Arctic tourism from all the policy [53,56], community [53,56,71,76,77], business [33,39,53,56,80,101,106], and visitor [38,56] perspectives. Cluster 2 (n: 16, green) covers mostly combined impacts of climate change and polar tourism, with a spatial focus on the Antarctic [41,92,96,109]. Clusters 3 (blue) and 4 (yellow), with 15 items each, center around the issues of cruise tourism in North America [35,53,74,85,90,[103][104][105], the Antarctic [60,61,104] and Svalbard [48] and the direct impacts on recreational activities in the cryospheric environments of Nordic Europe [57,68,108], respectively.…”

Section: Bibliometric Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geobibliography and Bibliometric Networks of Polar Tourism and Climate Change Research

Demiroglu

Hall

2020

Atmosphere

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In late 2019, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released their much-awaited Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC). High mountain areas, polar regions, low-lying islands and coastal areas, and ocean and marine ecosystems, were separately dealt by experts to reveal the impacts of climate change on these regions, as well as the responses of the natural and human systems inhabiting or related to these regions. The tourism sector was found, among the main systems, influenced by climate change in the oceanic and cryospheric environments. In this study, we deepen the understanding of tourism and climate interrelationships in the polar regions. In doing so, we step outside the climate resilience of polar tourism paradigm and systematically assess the literature in terms of its gaps relating to an extended framework where the impacts of tourism on climate through a combined and rebound effects lens are in question as well. Following a systematic identification and screening on two major bibliometric databases, a final selection of 93 studies, spanning the 2004–2019 period, are visualized in terms of their thematic and co-authorship networks and a study area based geobibliography, coupled with an emerging hot spots analysis, to help identify gaps for future research.

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Section: Bibliometric Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geobibliography and Bibliometric Networks of Polar Tourism and Climate Change Research

Demiroglu

Hall

2020

Atmosphere

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“…The species has been reported as invasive in sub-Antarctic islands (e.g. Scott and Kirkpatrick 2005;Whinam 2009;Williams et al 2016;Greve et al 2017). The species successfully penetrated the Antarctic geographical barrier Hughes and Pertierra 2016) and established a breeding population on King George Island (Galera et al 2017).…”

Section: The Role Of Phenotypic Plasticity In the Invasion Of P Annuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic biomass allocation as a trait increasing the invasiveness of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in Antarctica

et al. 2018

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The plasticity of functional traits promotes invasiveness of a species. Biomass allocation, as one of these traits, is responsible for resource acquisition, and its plastic modifications can be of adaptive value in new environments before any genetic adaptations may occur. Our aim was to compare in situ biomass allocation in aboveground and belowground organs in an Antarctic and a Polish population of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), the only alien plant species successfully invading Antarctica. The Antarctic population was characterised by three times lower aboveground biomass, more compact plant growth habit and higher fraction of biomass allocated into belowground organs than in the Polish population. The differences between populations are probably a result of adaptation to local conditions. The modifications of the studied traits in the Antarctic population are most likely a response to extreme atmospheric and edaphic conditions and enable the species to survive and spread in this hostile environment. Our results are in accordance with the balanced growth hypothesis. At the same time, these trait values enhance species performance under Antarctic conditions making P. annua a potential threat to local plant communities under altering climate changes and growing human impact scenario.

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“…The majority of islands were discovered between the latter part of the eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries (table 1). There is archaeological evidence on Auckland Island of earlier (c. 1200) Polynesian discovery and, possibly, settlement (Anderson 2006, 2009.…”

Section: Initial Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, the prime areas of interaction between humans and the sub-Antarctic terrestrial environment today take the forms of governmemai scientific research activities and ecotourism. Together, these bring tens of thousands of individuals into the region each year, and considerable attention is now being given to identifYing and minimising the risks associated with these activities to the sub-ltntarctic and Antarctic environments et , Tin et al 2009, Whinam 2009. the sub-Antarctic, and Dana Bergstrom, Herbert Dcumall and Patricia Selkirk for helpful and constructive comments on an earlier version.…”

Section: Stellaria Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental change and human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems of the sub-Antarctic islands between their discovery and the mid-twentieth century

Convey¹,

Lebouvier²

2009

PPRST

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Sub-Antarctic islands share many similarities in their history of human interaction and impacts before the mid-twentieth century. Large impacts on land were associated with the marine exploitation industries of sealing and whaling. Their onshore activities involved consider able construction and pollution in many accessible landing bays, inevitably destroying large areas of coastal terrestrial habitat. Consider able transfer of nutrients to terrestrial environments will have been associated with scavengers utilising large carrion supplies. Attempted establishment of agricultural industries, particularly the introduction of grazing mammals, took place on several islands and, although rarely proving economically viable, often resulted in the long-term creation of feral populations. These were accompanied by introductions of other alien vertebrates, plants and invertebrates to most sub-Antarctic islands, although precise records of introduction events, or subsequent biological studies in this period, largely do not exist. Thus, exploitation industries in this region inevitably led to considerable alterations and impacts to terrestrial ecosystems almost from the outset of human contact with the islands. In the absence of baseline ecological and biodiversity studies, the true magnitude of many of these impacts is difficult to assess, although their legacy continues to the present day. Indeed, the almost complete removal of fur seals may have allowed coastal vegetation to become more extensive and lush than hitherto, paradoxically now regarded as "typical" and threatened by recovery of seal populations.

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Aliens in the sub-Antarctic - biosecurity and climate change

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Geobibliography and Bibliometric Networks of Polar Tourism and Climate Change Research

Geobibliography and Bibliometric Networks of Polar Tourism and Climate Change Research

Plastic biomass allocation as a trait increasing the invasiveness of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in Antarctica

Environmental change and human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems of the sub-Antarctic islands between their discovery and the mid-twentieth century

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