Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

Bellard, Céline; Cassey, Phillip; Blackburn, Tim M.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623

Cited by 997 publications

(714 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our analyses revealed a taxonomic bias toward plants and invertebrates, while invasive vertebrates are understudied although they are mainly responsible for past known extinctions worldwide (Bellard, Cassey et al., 2016). Note that this bias could be due to our search terms that are most likely to capture studies with unknown invertebrates (in which invertebrates is cited in the title or keywords) than studies focusing on well‐known vertebrates (as the name of the species is mentioned, the term vertebrates might be useless).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography

Bellard

Jeschke

Leroy

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

149

109

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Climate change and biological invasions are threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. It has now been widely acknowledged that climate change will affect biological invasions. A large number of studies have investigated predicted shifts and other changes in the geographic ranges of invasive alien species related to climate change using modeling approaches. Yet these studies have provided contradictory evidence, and no consensus has been reached. We conducted a systematic review of 423 modeling case studies included in 71 publications that have examined the predicted effects of climate change on those species. We differentiate the approaches used in these studies and synthesize their main results. Our results reaffirm the major role of climate change as a driver of invasive alien species distribution in the future. We found biases in the literature both regarding the taxa, toward plants and invertebrates, and the areas of the planet investigated. Despite these biases, we found for the plants and vertebrates studied that climate change will more frequently contribute to a decrease in species range size than an increase in the overall area occupied. This is largely due to oceans preventing terrestrial invaders from spreading poleward. In contrast, we found that the ranges of invertebrates and pathogens studied are more likely to increase following climate change. An important caveat to these findings is that researchers have rarely considered the effects of climate change on transport, introduction success, or the resulting impacts. We recommend closing these research gaps, and propose additional avenues for future investigations, as well as opportunities and challenges for managing invasions under climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last century, they have been associated with nearly 60% of species extinctions (Bellard, Cassey, & Blackburn, 2016). They also jeopardize ecosystem services and challenge human health and economic growth (Simberloff et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography

Bellard

Jeschke

Leroy

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

149

109

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“…Whether native or exotic, pest animals are one of the primary drivers of global biodiversity loss; they can cause substantial damage to crops and other vegetation, and they can affect livestock enterprises by preying on stock or competing for pasture (e.g. Bellard et al 2016;Gong et al 2009). Considerable investment and effort goes into mitigating the damage caused by pest animals and prohibiting their establishment or expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longevity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) wild dog baits and the implications for effective and safe baiting campaigns

Gentle¹,

Speed²,

Allen

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Considerable effort goes into mitigating the impacts caused by invasive animals and prohibiting their establishment or expansion. In Australia, management of wild dogs (Canis lupus dingo and their hybrids) and their devastating impacts is reliant upon poison baiting. The recent release of baits containing the humane toxin para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) offers potential improvements for control of wild dogs, but little is known about the environmental persistence of PAPP in manufactured baits that could be used to inform best practice guidelines. We investigated the degradation rate of PAPP wild dog baits (DOGABAIT™) under typical field usage and storage conditions in north-eastern Australia and calculated optimal deployment and withholding periods. The PAPP content of buried baits declines faster than surface-laid baits, but both presentations retained lethal doses to wild and domestic dogs for considerable periods (6-16 weeks). Domestic or working dogs should be suitably restrained or excluded from baited areas for extended periods, particularly under dry conditions, to minimise poisoning risk. The period of persistence of PAPP baits may provide opportunities to improve the duration or longer term efficacy of baiting campaigns, but care is needed to protect domestic and working dogs to ensure responsible and safe use.

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“…For example, alien species are the primary cause associated with terrestrial vertebrate extinctions since 1500 AD (Bellard et al 2016a), while more than a quarter of all extant bird species currently considered at high risk of extinction are threatened by alien species (Bellard et al 2016b). Alien species contributing to extinction threats span a wide range of taxa, including mammals, birds, amphibians, insects and plants (IUCN 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance, biomass and energy use of native and alien breeding birds in Britain

Blackburn

Gaston

2018

Biol Invasions

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We quantify the contribution of alien species to the total breeding population numbers, biomass and energy use of an entire taxonomic assemblage at a large spatial scale, using data on British birds from 1997 and 2013. A total of 216 native and 16 alien bird species were recorded as breeding in Great Britain across the two census years. Only 2.8-3.7% of British breeding bird individuals were alien, but alien species co-opted 11.9-13.8% of the energy used by the assemblage, and contributed 19.1-21.1% of assemblage biomass. Neither the population sizes nor biomasses of native and alien species differed, on average, in either census, but alien species biomass is higher than native species biomass for a given population size. Species richness underestimates the potential effects of alien bird species in Britain, which have disproportionately high overall biomass and population energy use. The main driver of these effects is the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which comprised 74-81% of alien biomass, yet the breeding population of this species is still only a small fraction of the estimated 35 million birds released in the UK in autumn. The biomass of this release exceeds that of the entire breeding avifauna, and suggests that the pheasant should have an important role in structuring the communities in which it is embedded.

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Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

Cited by 997 publications

References 25 publications

Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography

Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography

The longevity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) wild dog baits and the implications for effective and safe baiting campaigns

Abundance, biomass and energy use of native and alien breeding birds in Britain

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