Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants, Volume 2

Pratap, Aditya; Kumar, Jitendra

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9572-7

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 485 publications

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“…Indeed, it is perhaps surprising that additional non-H. annuus haplotypes were not more commonly observed, as breeders have introduced allelic variation for novel traits (e.g., resistance against a range of pathogens) by prolific and repeated introgression of genetic material from other Helianthus species. H. annuus has reportedly been crossed with every annual species and 14 perennial species in the genus (Kaya, 2014). Our finding of only two introgressed haplotypes, one of which was deliberately selected for, likely reflects that H. annuus has predominantly served as the recurrent maternal parent during sunflower improvement.…”

Section: Organellar Haplotype Network Recapitulate Anticipated Patmentioning

confidence: 75%

Ancient DNA reveals the timing and persistence of organellar genetic bottlenecks over 3,000 years of sunflower domestication and improvement

Wales

Akman

Watson

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Here, we report a comprehensive paleogenomic study of archaeological and ethnographic sunflower remains that provides significant new insights into the process of domestication of this important crop. DNA from both ancient and historic contexts yielded high proportions of endogenous DNA, and although archaeological DNA was found to be highly degraded, it still provided sufficient coverage to analyze genetic changes over time. Shotgun sequencing data from specimens from the Eden's Bluff archaeological site in Arkansas yielded organellar DNA sequence from specimens up to 3,100 years old. Their sequences match those of modern cultivated sunflowers and are consistent with an early domestication bottleneck in this species. Our findings also suggest that recent breeding of sunflowers has led to a loss of genetic diversity that was present only a century ago in Native American landraces. These breeding episodes also left a profound signature on the mitochondrial and plastid haplotypes in cultivars, as two types were intentionally introduced from other Helianthus species for crop improvement. These findings gained from ancient and historic sunflower specimens underscore how future in-depth gene-based analyses can advance our understanding of the pace and targets of selection during the domestication of sunflower and other crop species.

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Section: Organellar Haplotype Network Recapitulate Anticipated Patmentioning

confidence: 75%

Ancient DNA reveals the timing and persistence of organellar genetic bottlenecks over 3,000 years of sunflower domestication and improvement

Wales

Akman

Watson

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…Although more than 3,000 chickpea accessions were evaluated for resistance to C. chinensis at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), no resistance was found in kabuli types. However, while some resistant desi chickpea with thick, rough or tuberculate seed coats have been identified (Reed et al, 1987), wild species such as C. echinospermum were found to be "immune" or free from damage (Eker et al, 2018). Annual Cicer species have already been screened for resistance to seed bruchid prior to the present study, and all accessions of C. echinospermum (100%), some accessions of C. bijugum (42.9%), C. judaicum (12.8%), and C. reticulatum (5%) were outlined to be free from the insect damage (Singh et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cicer turcicum: A New Cicer Species and Its Potential to Improve Chickpea

et al. 2021

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Genetic resources of the genus Cicer L. are not only limited when compared to other important food legumes and major cereal crops but also, they include several endemic species with endangered status based on the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The chief threats to endemic and endangered Cicer species are over-grazing and habitat change in their natural environments driven by climate changes. During a collection mission in east and south-east Anatolia (Turkey), a new Cicer species was discovered, proposed here as C. turcicum Toker, Berger & Gokturk. Here, we describe the morphological characteristics, images, and ecology of the species, and present preliminary evidence of its potential utility for chickpea improvement. C. turcicum is an annual species, endemic to southeast Anatolia and to date has only been located in a single population distant from any other known annual Cicer species. It belongs to section Cicer M. Pop. of the subgenus Pseudononis M. Pop. of the genus Cicer L. (Fabaceae) and on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity appears to be a sister species of C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, both of which are inter-fertile with domestic chickpea (C. arietinum L.). With the addition of C. turcicum, the genus Cicer now comprises 10 annual and 36 perennial species. As a preliminary evaluation of its potential for chickpea improvement two accessions of C. turcicum were field screened for reproductive heat tolerance and seeds were tested for bruchid resistance alongside a representative group of wild and domestic annual Cicer species. C. turcicum expressed the highest heat tolerance and similar bruchid resistance as C. judaicum Boiss. and C. pinnatifidum Juab. & Spach, neither of which are in the primary genepool of domestic chickpea. Given that C. arietinum and C. reticulatum returned the lowest and the second lowest tolerance and resistance scores, C. turcicum may hold much potential for chickpea improvement if its close relatedness supports interspecific hybridization with the cultigen. Crossing experiments are currently underway to explore this question.

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“…This rate will not meet the worldwide demands predicted for 2050 [42]. Maize growth suffers from 130 pests and about 110 diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses globally [43]. Among the diseases, late wilt disease (LWD) caused by M. maydis is one of the most severe in an infected area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma asperellum Confer Growth Promotion and Protection against Late Wilt Disease in the Field

Degani

Rabinovitz

Becher

et al. 2021

JoF

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Late wilt disease (LWD) of maize, caused by Magnaporthiopsis maydis, is considered a major threat to commercial fields in Israel, Egypt, Spain, and India. Today’s control methods include chemical and agronomical intervention but rely almost solely on resistant maize cultivars. In recent years, LWD research focused on eco-friendly biological approaches to restrain the pathogen. The current study conducted during two growing seasons explores the potential of three Trichoderma species as bioprotective treatments against LWD. These species excelled in preliminary assays performed previously under controlled conditions and were applied here in the field by directly adding them to each seed with the sowing. In the first field experiment, Trichoderma longibrachiatum successfully rescued the plants’ growth indices (weight and height) compared to T. asperelloides and the non-treated control. However, it had no positive effect on yield and disease progression. In the subsequent season, this Trichoderma species was tested against T. asperellum, an endophyte isolated from susceptible maize cultivar. This experiment was conducted during a rainy autumn season, which probably led to a weak disease burst. Under these conditions, the plants in all treatment groups were vivid and had similar growth progression and yields. Nevertheless, a close symptoms inspection revealed that the T. longibrachiatum treatment resulted in a two-fold reduction in the lower stem symptoms and a 1.4-fold reduction in the cob symptoms at the end of the seasons. T. asperellum achieved 1.6- and 1.3-fold improvement in these parameters, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR tracking of the pathogen in the host plants’ first internode supported the symptoms’ evaluation, with 3.1- and 4.9-fold lower M. maydis DNA levels in the two Trichoderma treatments. In order to induce LWD under the autumn’s less favorable conditions, some of the plots in each treatment were inoculated additionally, 20 days after sowing, by stabbing the lower stem section near the ground with a wooden toothpick dipped in M. maydis mycelia. This infection method overrides the Trichoderma roots protection and almost abolishes the biocontrol treatments’ protective achievements. This study suggests a biological Trichoderma-based protective layer that may have significant value in mild cases of LWD.

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Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants, Volume 2

Cited by 23 publications

References 485 publications

Ancient DNA reveals the timing and persistence of organellar genetic bottlenecks over 3,000 years of sunflower domestication and improvement

Ancient DNA reveals the timing and persistence of organellar genetic bottlenecks over 3,000 years of sunflower domestication and improvement

Cicer turcicum: A New Cicer Species and Its Potential to Improve Chickpea

Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma asperellum Confer Growth Promotion and Protection against Late Wilt Disease in the Field

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