Algorithms of comic texts construction

Abstract

The paper deals with semiotic characteristics of comic texts construction. It is aimed at analyzing semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of jokes so as to find out models of comic texts comprehension. The material for the analysis comprises ca. 1000 jokes of various kinds including funny short narratives (in Russian these are named 'anecdotes'), humorous aphorisms and demotivators as a new genre of internet communication. Semantic and pragmatic mechanisms of comic texts differ, though methodologically they make inseparable unity, according to A. Wierzbicka. Semantically, comic texts represent caricature pictures of the reality concerning objects, time and space dimension of events and positions of agents. They may be described in terms of denotative and significative incongruences. Pragmatically, such mechanisms form evaluative and argumentative divergence between usual and given states of affairs which manifest themselves as collisions of interpretation scripts. Syntactically, comic texts may be interpreted in terms of their narrative, or descriptive or argumentative correlation with corresponding non-comic texts. Two models of such texts interpretation are discussed. The first one is dictal in its essence and is based on disagreement between the planes of reality as shown in the text, whereas the second one is modal and it reflects an incongruity between reality and the view of it. The dictal model includes such techniques as repetition, juxtaposition and reversing of agents positions, the modal model can be traced in jocular periphrasis, precedent text parodies, and comic allusions. The dictal model is oriented towards semantic disagreement between various aspects of reality, the modal model concerns mostly pragmatic and syntactic aspects of a comic world view. Modern communicative practice as represented in the Internet network communities is focused on self-representation and various jokes are inherent part of this objective. The jokes are often based on incongruity between theme and rheme in the message content and disagreement between image and text in its form.

Laughter As The Instrument Of Delegitimization Of An Election Campaign Of 2018

“…Delegitimization is possible only when there is a violation, including serious presented in a ridiculous way. Laughter is a tool of delegitimization, as it violates rhetorical alignment, violates the norm Karasik (2018),. analyzing cognitive aspects of a joke as speech genre, also points out this feature of laughter as the phenomenon breaking norms, semantic and communicative expectations: "the text containing a joke is oriented on two various scripts (general concept of reality), these scripts are in the appositive relations, and the main types of opposition come down to oppositions "real/unreal", "normal/unexpected", "possible/impossible"" (p. 897).Thus, laughter is an instrument of delegitimization of pre-election discourse, as it is based on violation of norms and conventions of the official discourse on elections, represented by Pro-government media.…”