“…For example, many of the content services that people access on the Internet, such as news, music, video, advertising, social network dynamics, and the goods they buy, are currently personalized by recommendation engines based on consumer preferences, not by human decisions ( sohu.com ) 1 ( Gal, 2018 ). Most Internet technology companies are already using algorithmic decision-making in consumer, education, finance, healthcare, transportation, justice, urban governance, and other fields and scenarios ( Mestel et al, 2018 ; Dubey et al, 2021 ). For companies using algorithms for decision-making, algorithms are not only marketing or sales tools, but also an important driving force to stimulate insight, innovation, and user participation.…”