“…Sun et al, 2011), and so on. In particular, in the field of ES, we can find many studies based on self-adaptive techniques (Beyer & Deb, 2001;Hansen & Ostermeier, 2001;Igel et al, 2007;Jägersküpper, 2007;Kita, 2001;Kramer, 2008a;Kramer et al, 2007;Meyer-Nieberg & Beyer, 2007;Wei et al, 2011).…”