Algicidal activity and potential antifouling defenses in macroalgae from the western Antarctic Peninsula including probable synergistic effects of multiple compounds

Sevak, Hamel P.; Amsler, Charles D.; McClintock, James B.; Maschek, J. Alan; Amsler, Margaret O.; Aumack, Craig F.; Peters, Kevin J.; Baker, Bill J.

doi:10.1515/bot-2012-0111

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In our view, it remains unlikely that this result is an extraction error, as all samples were treated individually and no recoverable bacterial or ciliate sequences were detected in any of the replicate samples, however further analysis on these algae should be conducted to confirm this. In support of our results, algae commonly exhibit mucus release and tissue sloughing, they release different primary and secondary compounds and may have resident bacteria deeper within their tissues which have specific antibiotic and antifouling properties [61], [62]. Together these factors may create these distinctive microbial communities which are associated with the different algal species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Algae as Reservoirs for Coral Pathogens

2013

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Benthic algae are associated with coral death in the form of stress and disease. It's been proposed that they release exudates, which facilitate invasion of potentially pathogenic microbes at the coral-algal interface, resulting in coral disease. However, the original source of these pathogens remains unknown. This study examined the ability of benthic algae to act as reservoirs of coral pathogens by characterizing surface associated microbes associated with major Caribbean and Indo-Pacific algal species/types and by comparing them to potential pathogens of two dominant coral diseases: White Syndrome (WS) in the Indo-Pacific and Yellow Band Disease (YBD) in the Caribbean. Coral and algal sampling was conducted simultaneously at the same sites to avoid spatial effects. Potential pathogens were defined as those absent or rare in healthy corals, increasing in abundance in healthy tissues adjacent to a disease lesion, and dominant in disease lesions. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were detected in both WS and YBD and were also present within the majority of algal species/types (54 and 100% for WS and YBD respectively). Pathogenic ciliates were associated only with WS and not YBD lesions and these were also present in 36% of the Indo-Pacific algal species. Although potential pathogens were associated with many algal species, their presence was inconsistent among replicate algal samples and detection rates were relatively low, suggestive of low density and occurrence. At the community level, coral-associated microbes irrespective of the health of their host differed from algal-associated microbes, supporting that algae and corals have distinctive microbial communities associated with their tissue. We conclude that benthic algae are common reservoirs for a variety of different potential coral pathogens. However, algal-associated microbes alone are unlikely to cause coral death. Initial damage or stress to the coral via other competitive mechanisms is most likely a prerequisite to potential transmission of these pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Algae as Reservoirs for Coral Pathogens

2013

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“…, Sevak et al. ), and now have been shown to deter successful settlement and growth of epiphyte E. antarctica, as well chemotactically affect the epiphyte's motile spores. If individual secondary metabolite production is costly (Rhoades ), then utilizing a compound for multiple roles could increase overall fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Macroalgal Chemical Extracts on Spore Behavior of the Antarctic Epiphyte Elachista antarctica Phaeophyceae

Bucolo

Amsler

McClintock

et al. 2012

Journal of Phycology

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Most macroalgal species along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) are defended against predation, many using chemical defenses. These subtidal communities are also mostly devoid of free living filamentous algae. However, one endo/epiphyte, Elachista antarctica, is found growing exclusively out of the palatable rhodophyte Palmaria decipiens. To understand this unusual and exclusive epiphytization, we tested whether macroalgal secondary metabolites such as those responsible for deterring sympatric grazers, affect the behaviors of the epiphyte's spores. Settlement, germination, and swimming behaviors of the epiphyte's motile spores were quantified in the presence of fractionated lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of host P. decipiens and other rhodophytes from the shallow subtidal. Host P. decipiens was the only alga tested that did not inhibit spore settlement or germination. We also examined whether extracts from these chemically rich algae affect spore swimming behaviors and found spores to be chemotactically attracted to seawater soluble extract fractions of host P. decipiens. These results indicate that chemosensory behaviors of the epiphyte's spores to metabolites associated with these chemically defended macrophytes can explain this exclusive epiphyte-host interaction.

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“…Antarctic macroalgae are organisms that produce substances with important biological activities, such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-phytophagic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic actions, in addition to antifreeze and algaecide [4]- [10]. From the bioactive compounds identified in marine algae, studies point out a variety of phytochemicals with anticancer activity, these compounds can be used as agents for chemoprevention or chemotherapy of cancer, producing anticancer effects through various mechanisms of action, including growth inhibition, invasion and metastasis, and through the induction of apoptosis [11] [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic Macroalgae <i>Palmaria decipiens</i> (Rhodophyta, Palmariales) Extracts Present Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity against Colorectal Cancer

Giustina¹,

Frassini²,

Moura³

et al. 2022

ABC

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Despite therapeutic advances in recent decades, colorectal cancer is still the third most frequent neoplasm worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality in young and middle-aged adults. Therefore, advance in treatment options for patients who are afflicted with tumor subtypes without effective therapies is needed. Antarctica macroalgae are substances-producing organisms with important biological activities, in which antitumor properties are investigated, showing promising cytotoxic results. There are no reports so far showing antitumor activity of macroalgae Palmaria decipiens extracts against colorectal tumors. This study aims to evaluate the effect of macroalgae P. decipiens extract from Antarctic on tumor cell HCT-116 and non-tumor cell HaCaT lines. The phenolic compounds present were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the DPPH radical inhibition method and cytotoxicity was evaluated through MTT assay. Cell death events were identified using dual staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and flow cytometry. The quantification of phenolic compounds present in the extracts identified the presence of three main compounds among them is kaempferol. The metanolic extract showed inhibition within 72 h of treatment in HCT-116 and potential antioxidant activity. The results presented in this study point out an im-How to cite this paper: Giustina, M.D.,

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Algicidal activity and potential antifouling defenses in macroalgae from the western Antarctic Peninsula including probable synergistic effects of multiple compounds

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Algae as Reservoirs for Coral Pathogens

Algae as Reservoirs for Coral Pathogens

Effects of Macroalgal Chemical Extracts on Spore Behavior of the Antarctic Epiphyte Elachista antarctica Phaeophyceae

Antarctic Macroalgae <i>Palmaria decipiens</i> (Rhodophyta, Palmariales) Extracts Present Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity against Colorectal Cancer

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Algicidal activity and potential antifouling defenses in macroalgae from the western Antarctic Peninsula including probable synergistic effects of multiple compounds

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Algae as Reservoirs for Coral Pathogens

Algae as Reservoirs for Coral Pathogens

Effects of Macroalgal Chemical Extracts on Spore Behavior of the Antarctic Epiphyte Elachista antarctica Phaeophyceae

Antarctic Macroalgae &lt;i&gt;Palmaria decipiens&lt;/i&gt; (Rhodophyta, Palmariales) Extracts Present Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity against Colorectal Cancer

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Antarctic Macroalgae <i>Palmaria decipiens</i> (Rhodophyta, Palmariales) Extracts Present Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity against Colorectal Cancer