Reduction of a Hamiltonian system with symmetry and/or constraints has a long history. There are several reduction procedures, all of which agree in "nice" cases [AGJ]. Some have a geometric emphasis -reducing a (symplectic) space of states [MW], while others are algebraic -reducing a (Poisson) algebra of observables [SW]. Some start with a momentum map whose components are constraint functions [GIMMSY]; some start with a gauge (symmetry) algebra whose generators, regarded as vector fields, correspond via the symplectic structure to constraints [D]. The relation between symmetry and constraints is particularly tight in the case Dirac calls "first class". The present paper is concerned entirely with this first class case and deals with the reduction of a Poisson algebra via homological methods, although there is considerable motivation from topology, particularly via the models central to rational homotopy theory.Homological methods have become increasingly important in mathematical physics, especially field theory, over the last decade. In regard to constrained Hamiltonians, they came into focus with Henneaux's Report [H] on the work of Batalin, Fradkin and Vilkovisky [BF,BV 1-3], emphasizing the acyclicity of a certain complex, later identified by Browning and McMullan as the Koszul complex of a regular ideal of constraints. I was able to put the FBV construction into the context of homological perturbation theory [S1] and, together with Henneaux et al [FHST], extend the construction to the case of non-regular geometric constraints of first class. Independently, using a mixture of homological and C 1 -patching techniques, Dubois-Violette extended the construction to regular but not-necessarily-firstclass constraints [D-V].I am grateful to all of the above for their input and inspiration, whether in their papers or in conversation. The present version has also profitted from conversations at the MSRI Workshop on Symplectic Topology. Finally, I would like to express my thanks to the referee who has read several versions with extreme care, suggesting extensive improvements, both factual and stylistic. While early revision was in progress, Kimura sent me a copy of [Ki] which has also had a significant influence on the present exposition, as has his continued interaction while with me at UNC as an NSF Post-Doc.