Algal growth rate fluctuations observed under uniform ambient test conditions using static and semicontinuous assay techniques

Benjamin, Richard B.; Brown, Ray; Fraizer, Merideth; Joab, Bruce M.; Casey, Ryan E.; Klaine, Stephen J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620170317

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An in vivo fluorescence technique for measuring chlorophyll a in S. capricornutum was attempted [58], but this study produced inconclusive results. A continuous culture technique described and compared with batch culture techniques for S. capricornutumv [59,60] is reputed to yield superior sensitivity and reproducibility in exposure tests. An algal chemostat system was described [61] for evaluating the effects of adsorbable and volatile organic substances on S. capricornutum , and a fluorescent staining technique for cryo‐preserved specimens was developed that allowed postponed examination of algae for viability after toxicant exposure [62].…”

Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Estuarine ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by environmental toxicants from municipal and industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, recreational boating, shipping, and coastal development, ranking them as the most anthropogenically degraded habitat types on earth. Toxicity tests are used to establish links between adverse ecological effects and the toxicity of environmental chemicals. However, most toxicity tests used for regulating the release of chemicals into the environment have used animals as test species, with the erroneous assumption that toxicant levels protective of fish or invertebrates are also protective of plants. Most plant toxicity tests have used terrestrial crop plants, whereas the few aquatic test species used have been primarily freshwater algae. Even though estuarine and marine vascular plants are highly vulnerable to environmental chemicals, phytotoxicity studies using native coastal plants have been limited, and no such studies are required for testing by regulating agencies. The relevance of toxicity tests of estuarine sediments and of wastes entering the estuary should depend on the use of estuarine and marine plant species. This review summarizes toxicity testing of marine plants used in biomonitoring, phytotoxicity, biotransformations of toxicants, bioaccumulation, and phytoremediation. Challenges to marine plant testing are discussed and include developing standard test protocols, identifying species with minimal salinity and toxicant interaction, defining and choosing a suitable sediment for sedimentbound toxicant testing, selecting endpoints with low variability, producing viable seeds, and culturing test plants. Progress in acquiring a suitable database is being made, but at a rate that is inadequate to create the sound, scientific foundation needed for safeguarding our estuarine ecosystems in the near future.

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Section: Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Most phytotoxicity test methods have been designed to use the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum [6], and many suggested modifications have been developed using this species. A continuous culture technique described and compared with batch culture techniques for S. capricornutum [59,60] is reputed to yield superior sensitivity and reproducibility in exposure tests. An in vivo fluorescence technique for measuring chlorophyll a in S. capricornutum was attempted [58], but this study produced inconclusive results.…”

Section: Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Plants for Toxicity Assessment of Estuarine Ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Estuarine ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by environmental toxicants from municipal and industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, recreational boating, shipping, and coastal development, ranking them as the most anthropogenically degraded habitat types on earth. Toxicity tests are used to establish links between adverse ecological effects and the toxicity of environmental chemicals. However, most toxicity tests used for regulating the release of chemicals into the environment have used animals as test species, with the erroneous assumption that toxicant levels protective of fish or invertebrates are also protective of plants. Most plant toxicity tests have used terrestrial crop plants, whereas the few aquatic test species used have been primarily freshwater algae. Even though estuarine and marine vascular plants are highly vulnerable to environmental chemicals, phytotoxicity studies using native coastal plants have been limited, and no such studies are required for testing by regulating agencies. The relevance of toxicity tests of estuarine sediments and of wastes entering the estuary should depend on the use of estuarine and marine plant species. This review summarizes toxicity testing of marine plants used in biomonitoring, phytotoxicity, biotransformations of toxicants, bioaccumulation, and phytoremediation. Challenges to marine plant testing are discussed and include developing standard test protocols, identifying species with minimal salinity and toxicant interaction, defining and choosing a suitable sediment for sediment-bound toxicant testing, selecting endpoints with low variability, producing viable seeds, and culturing test plants. Progress in acquiring a suitable database is being made, but at a rate that is inadequate to create the sound, scientific foundation needed for safeguarding our estuarine ecosystems in the near future.

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