Algal biorefinery: a potential solution to the food–energy–water–environment nexus

Talebi, Sina; Edalatpour, Anis; Tavakoli, Omid

doi:10.1039/d1se01740c

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…19 Some of the commonly cultivated commercial microalgae composition in comparison with plant and animal products are given in Table 2. 20 Algal cell wall comprised of cellulose, pectin, and sulfated polysaccharides, starch in plastids (20-50%), lipids, and proteins. The composition of these components depends on the species types and culture media used to produce them and growth conditions.…”

Section: Biological Methods Of Sequestering Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of using microalgae to sequester carbon dioxide and processing to bioproducts

Balan,

Pierson,

Husain

et al. 2023

Green Chem.

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Section: Biological Methods Of Sequestering Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of using microalgae to sequester carbon dioxide and processing to bioproducts

Balan,

Pierson,

Husain

et al. 2023

Green Chem.

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“…The rigid cell wall of Haematococcus lacustris (~2.2 µm) is made up of algaenan, biopolymers and thick polysaccharides [ 96 , 97 ]. Since, cell disruption in downstream processes such as pulse electric field current, microwaves, sonication, enzyme treatment, chemical solvents, high pressure homogenizers and bead millers, are expensive at large scale, they tend to increase the cost of extraction of astaxanthin [ 98 , 99 ] ( Figure 6 I). However, if among these, an economically viable technique is optimized that can lead to harvesting of astaxanthin from the cells, astaxanthin can become an important ingredient in all affordable diets and supplements [ 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Astaxanthin Harvesting and Its Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2023

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Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid synthesized by Haematococcus pluvialis/lacustris, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, Bracteacoccus aggregatus, Coelastrella rubescence, Phaffia rhodozyma, some bacteria (Paracoccus carotinifaciens), yeasts, and lobsters, among others However, it is majorly synthesized by Haematococcus lacustris alone (about 4%). The richness of natural astaxanthin over synthetic astaxanthin has drawn the attention of industrialists to cultivate and extract it via two stage cultivation process. However, the cultivation in photobioreactors is expensive, and converting it in soluble form so that it can be easily assimilated by our digestive system requires downstream processing techniques which are not cost-effective. This has made the cost of astaxanthin expensive, prompting pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies to switch over to synthetic astaxanthin. This review discusses the chemical character of astaxanthin, more inexpensive cultivating techniques, and its bioavailability. Additionally, the antioxidant character of this microalgal product against many diseases is discussed, which can make this natural compound an excellent drug to minimize inflammation and its consequences.

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“…CCU should contribute even to negative net emissions [49]. CCU with the use of microalgae is a biological process in which CO 2 is assimilated in the photosynthesis process [50], and the produced biomass replaces non-renewable resources in the production of chemicals, fuels, plastics, building materials, dyes, dietary supplements, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, feed, and fertilizers [51]. An example is their use in the production of cement [52] or biochar, which, when introduced into the soil, allows for long-term storage of CO 2 and promotes sustainable agriculture [53].…”

Section: Changes In Microalgal Biomass Concentration and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibility of Deploying CO2 from Biogas Combustion to Improve the Productivity of a Periodical Chlorella vulgaris Culture

Zieliński¹,

Kazimierowicz²,

Dębowski³

2023

Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed)

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Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major contributor to the global emissions of greenhouse gases, which necessitates the search for its fixation and utilization methods. Engaging photosynthesizing microorganisms for its biosequestration is one of the prospective technologies applied to this end. Considering the paucity of literature works on the possibilities of deploying CO2 from biogas combustion to intensify microalgae production, this research aimed to identify the feasibility of using this type of CO2 in Chlorella vulgaris culture by evaluating biomass production yield and CO2 biosequestration effectiveness. Methods: The experiment was performed in glass PBR, in which the culture medium occupied the volume of 1.0 dm 3 , and the gaseous phase occupied 0.3 dm 3 . The reactors were continuously illuminated by fluorescent lamps. The temperature of flue gases and air fed to reactors, and culture temperature was 20 °C ± 2 °C. Results: The use of flue gases promoted a more rapid biomass growth, reaching 77.8 ± 3.1 mgVS/dm 3 •d, and produced a higher microalgae concentration, i.e., 780 ± 58 mgVS/dm 3 . Nevertheless, the flue gas-fed culture turned out to be highly sensitive, which was manifested in a decreased culture medium pH and relatively quickly achieved decay phase of the C. vulgaris population. The microalgae effectively assimilated CO2, reducing its concentration from 13 ± 1% to 1 ± 0.5% in the effluent from the photobioreactor. Conclusions: The flue gases were found not to affect the qualitative composition of the microalgal biomass. However, strict control and monitoring of microalgae biomass production is necessary, as well as rapid responses in flue gas-fed systems. This is an important hint for potential operators of such technological systems on the large scale. Regardless of the possibility of deploying microalgae to fix and utilize CO2, a justified avenue of research is to look for cheap sources of CO2-rich gases.

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Algal biorefinery: a potential solution to the food–energy–water–environment nexus

Abstract: Despite the great potential in wastewater treatment, CO2 bio-fixation, food, and bioenergy production, microalgae are not economically viable on a large commercial scale and, as a unifying solution to all...

Cited by 13 publications

References 248 publications

Potential of using microalgae to sequester carbon dioxide and processing to bioproducts

Potential of using microalgae to sequester carbon dioxide and processing to bioproducts

Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

The Possibility of Deploying CO2 from Biogas Combustion to Improve the Productivity of a Periodical Chlorella vulgaris Culture

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