“Algae’s sulfated polysaccharides modifications: Potential use of microbial enzymes”

Abstract

Marine algae are valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, among them, the group of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). As an example of SPs, it could be cited the fucoidans in brown algae, carrageenans in red algae and ulvans in green algae. Since the past decades, SPs have been extracted from algae and evaluated in respect to their beneficial biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, immunological and anticancer. This review deals with the presentation of natively bioactive SPs structural features in addition to already employed approaches of SPs structure modifications, such as chemical and physical methods. Moreover, this article presents the advantages and the importance of using enzymatic methods during SPs modification, and particularly, the use of microorganisms as enzymes sources. Enzymes such as hydrolases/glycosidases (e.g. fucoidanase, fucosidase, agarase and carrageenase), lyases, sulfotransferases and sulfatases could be used for this purpose. It has been shown that more studies are necessary to obtain/identify opportunities to create novel, or to intensify, SPs biological properties. Considering the advantages in the use of microbial enzymes in biotransformation processes, studies related to the modification of SPs by microorganisms should be stimulated.

Marine‐polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects

“…Research into marine compounds, especially polysaccharides from renewable biomass, is attracting increasing attention. Polysaccharides make up one of the largest identified components of organic carbon in marine environments (Gurpilhares et al., 2016). In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that marine polysaccharides can be degraded by polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes into oligosaccharide components with various biological activities (Gao et al., 2018; Liang et al., 2017; Liu, Mao, Du, Mu, & Wei, 2014b; Liu, Mao, Yang, Mu, & Wei, 2014c; Sun et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017).…”

Antibacterial Use of Macroalgae Compounds against Foodborne Pathogens

“…Other well-known molecules present in algae are sulfated polysaccharides which, in addition to presenting capabilities as gelling and thickening agents such as alginates and carrageenan, are associated with antioxidant, anticoagulant, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant properties, such as the fucoidans present in the cell walls and the extracellular matrices of algae, especially the brown ones [ 10 ]. These reasons make them of great interest to the healthcare and food industries [ 11 , 12 ]. Phenolic compounds are associated with a strong antioxidant capacity, which is also associated with other beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer.…”

Update on Marine Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Biotechnological Applications

“…Commercial preparations of fucoidan with 95% degree of purity are available from a range of different species; however, modern aspects concerning sulfated polysaccharides were summarized in a recent review [ 10 ]. The advantages and importance of using enzymatic methods for modification of these molecules are highlighted.…”