Algae as production systems of bioactive compounds

Abstract

Algal extracts are gaining increasing interest due to their unique composition and possibilities of wide industrial applications. Various extraction techniques are used for conversion of algal biomass into extracts. Recently, attention of scientists has been paid to novel methods, such as enzyme‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction, which enable the extraction of biologically active compounds without their degradation. In this review, the properties of biologically active compounds extracted from the biomass of algae reported in the literature are presented in a structured way. Algal extracts contain compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, oil, fats, polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive compounds such as antioxidants (polyphenols, tocopherols [vitamin E], vitamin C, mycosporine‐like amino acids), and pigments, such as carotenoids (carotene xanthophyll), chlorophylls, and phycobilins (phycocyanin, phycoerythrin), which possess antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and antitumor properties. Finally, we assemble a list of applications of algal extracts in different developing branches of agriculture (biostimulants, bioregulators, feed additives) and in pharmaceutical industry.

Exploring Valuable Lipids in Diatoms

“…A large variety of lipids can be generated in diatoms, in addition to other types of bioactive compounds such as pigments (Michalak and Chojnacka, 2015), halogen-containing compounds (Wichard and Pohnert, 2006), toxic domoic acid and isomers (Bates and Trainer, 2006), attractants and deterrents (Frenkel et al, 2014), and long chain polyamines with biomineralizing functions (Kröger et al, 1999). Lipids are the major constituents of diatom cells and the average lipid content in diatoms could achieve to 25% of dry weight (Levitan et al, 2014), although the production of lipids in diatoms can vary on culture conditions.…”

Computational investigation of marine bioactive compounds against E6 oncoprotein of Human Papilloma Virus-HPV16

“…74 bioactive compounds from marine sources were involved in this study (Michalak et al, 2015;Simmons et al, 2005;Jimenez et al, 2009;Hartog et al, 1999;Adams et al, 2013;Jiao et al, 2011;Pal et al, 2014;Plaza et al, 2010;Francavilla et al, 2012;Kakinuma et al, 2001;Pereira et al, 2012;Saeidnia et al, 2014;Asgharpour et al, 2015;Yu et al, 1981;Panayotova et al, 2013;Michiels et al, 2011;Karsten et al, 1998;Groniger et al, 2000;Gupta et al, 2011;Apt et al, 1995;Sajilata et al, 2008;García-Vilas et al, 2016;Krohn, 2007;Manam et al, 2005;Domozych et al, 2012;Murakami et al, 2001;Isbrucker et al, 2003;Oliveira et al, 2012;Ponder et al, 2011;Aoki et al, 2004). Virtual screening offers a computational prediction of binding affinity for a large set of compounds.…”

Seaweed extract by microwave assisted extraction as plant growth biostimulant

“…Different antibacterial properties of algal extracts may have been due to the composition of a given alga, place and season of its collection and finally the used extraction method and parameters of extraction. For antibacterial properties, proteins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, the PUFAs extracted from biomass of algae are responsible [5].…”

“…It is evident that this method is used for the extraction of a wide variety of compounds, which possess bioactive properties: antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory and anti-tumor. These activities allow the use of algal extracts in many areas [5]. However, in the available literature algal extracts obtained by MAE were examined only in terms of anti-oxidative properties [6][7][8][9].…”