Algae as a Source of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Samiee, Sara; Ahmadzadeh, Hossein; Hosseini, Majid; Lyon, Stephen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817941-3.00017-6

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 96 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Spongomorpha, which is a member of the second group, has "mercerized-like cellulose" with polymer chains randomly oriented resulting in a low DC. Cell walls found in the members of the third group (Spyrogira) are not entirely made up of cellulose [3]. Using X-ray diffractometry, marine green algae cellulose was found to be more crystalline, compared to that extracted from freshwater algae [19].…”

Section: Sources Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 96%

“…A wide variety of plant sources can be used for cellulose extraction, with the most important being wood and cotton; however, corn, banana, rice, aloe vera, and many others can serve the same purpose [3]. Properties and structure of cellulose from plant sources depend on different parameters including climate conditions, soil type and characteristics, botanical origin amongst others.…”

Section: Sources Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracting algal cellulose is a means of remediation of marine ecosystems, as excessive and unwanted booking of algae damages the marine ecosystem. The extraction of microcrystalline cellulose is relatively simple and involves three groups of algae [3]. The first group, green algae (Chlorophyta), contain "native cellulose" and include species from the genera Cladophorales and Siphonocladales.…”

Section: Sources Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the process of extraction, to prepare for the chemical treatment, raw materials are milled or ground and purified [3].…”

Section: Extraction Of Cellulose From Plants and Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both growth and posttreatment conditions, along with the extraction process, affect the degree of crystallinity (DC), and therefore the derived material's properties such as strength and hydrophilicity. MCC is expected to have different chemical resistance compared to amorphous regions due to its ordered structure which inhibits penetration of chemicals [3]. MCC serves as a desirable filler which can be used for enhanced mechanical properties of silicones amongst other applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Cellulose in Nature - Versatile sources for Novel Applications: A Literature Review

Pesic

2021

URNCST Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound and the main component of the plant cell wall. However, it can be derived from other sources: tunicates, algae, and bacteria. Different sources of cellulose were shown to produce end-products of different mechanical properties and were considered for producing cellulose in non-industrial conditions. Methods: Procedures for the extraction of cellulose from different sources are described. They are similar for plants and algae, including bleaching and purification processes amongst others, while bacteria found in symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBYs) are capable of growing cellulose layers above their cultivation media. After extraction or bacterial cultivation, mechanical treatments are performed in order to modify new cellulose layers for specific applications. Results: Plant sources of cellulose are various and widely available, and often used for the industrial production of cellulose. Algae-derived microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is similar to that from plant sources, but has higher crystallinity and, often, requires simpler extraction processes. Finally, cellulose grown by bacteria found in SCOBYs is the most optimal for non-industrial conditions, owing to the simplest cultivation and extraction procedures. Discussion: On a large scale, plant sources of cellulose are the optimal ones. The main downside of algal cellulose is that it is season-dependent, and more difficult to acquire than bacterial and plant sources. While having access to laboratory conditions for incubations and using a pure bacterial culture would be preferable, cultivation methods are simple enough to be adapted for home conditions. Also, conditions of incubation can be varied based upon the intended properties of the endproduct: the efficiency of cellulose growth and its properties depend on the chosen carbon source. When bacteria produce a cellulose layer or it is extracted from another source, mechanical treatments for tuning porosity and other properties are applied. Conclusion: Sources of cellulose are numerous, and some are more suitable than others for non-industrial production, namely, using easily obtainable SCOBYs. This allows for a wide variety of applications: from artificial skin and face masks, to sustainable batteries and different food products.

show abstract

Section: Sources Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Sources Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the process of extraction, to prepare for the chemical treatment, raw materials are milled or ground and purified [3].…”

Section: Extraction Of Cellulose From Plants and Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cellulose in Nature - Versatile sources for Novel Applications: A Literature Review

Pesic

2021

URNCST Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Tarchoun

Trache

Klapötke

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose nitrate (MCCN) as energetic polymer is successfully obtained from Posidonia oceanica brown algae (POBA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show alterations in the intensities of some absorption bands, suggesting a significant difference in the chemical structure between microcrystalline cellulose and the emergent MCCN samples. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that MCCNs are more crystalline than conventional nitrocellulose (NC). According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both NC and MCCN reveal a compact structure and a rough surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) displays that the thermal degradation of MCCNs shifts to lower temperatures compared to the respective NCs. Furthermore, in comparison with NC samples, MCCN samples exhibit high density, high nitrogen content, low viscosity‐average molecular weight, and good thermal stability. On the other hand, kinetic modeling based on DSC data is carried out by isoconversional integral methods to determine Arrhenius parameters and the decomposition mechanisms. It is found that MCCNs present lower activation energies than conventional NCs with a decrease of ≈6%. Finally, this work opens a new pathway to prepare MCCN from POBA, and it is expected to have applications in several areas such as propellants, energetic binders, and gas generators.

show abstract

Nanocellulose Production from Different Sources and Their Self-Assembly in Composite Materials

Selianitis

Efthymiou

Tsouko

et al. 2021

Handbook of Nanocelluloses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Algae as a Source of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Cited by 19 publications

References 96 publications

Cellulose in Nature - Versatile sources for Novel Applications: A Literature Review

Cellulose in Nature - Versatile sources for Novel Applications: A Literature Review

A Promising Energetic Polymer from Posidonia oceanica Brown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling

Nanocellulose Production from Different Sources and Their Self-Assembly in Composite Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About