Algae as a source of renewable energy: opportunities, challenges, and recent developments

Hussain, Javid; Rittmann, Bruce E.

doi:10.1039/d2se01599d

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(510 reference statements)

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“…The escalating global population and industrial activity have caused a critical energy crisis. To meet the increasing energy needs, humans have depended on water and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, diesel, crude oil, and natural gas (Hussain and Rittmann 2023 ; Pandey et al 2019a ). Unfortunately, this excessive exploitation of natural resources has raised concerns regarding environmental and ecological sustainability (Thanigaivel et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axenic green microalgae for the treatment of textile effluent and the production of biofuel: a promising sustainable approach

Pandey,

Kant,

Chaudhary

et al. 2024

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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An integrated approach to nutrient recycling utilizing microalgae could provide feasible solutions for both environmental control and energy production. In this study, an axenic microalgae strain, Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 was evaluated for its potential as a biofuel feedstock and textile wastewater (TWW) treatment. The microalgae isolate was grown on TWW supplemented with different proportions of standard BG-11 medium varying from 0 to 100% (v/v). The results showed that TWW supplemented with 20% (v/v) BG11 medium demonstrated promising results in terms of Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 biomass (3.80 g L−1), lipid production (1.24 g L−1), nutrients (N/P, > 99%) and pollutant removal (chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99.05%). The COD level dropped by 90% after 4 days of cultivation, from 2,593.33 mg L−1 to 215 mg L−1; however, after day 6, the nitrogen (-NO3−1) and total phosphorus (TP) levels were reduced by more than 95%. The biomass-, total lipid- and carbohydrate- production, after 6 days of cultivation were 3.80 g L−1, 1.24 g L−1, and 1.09 g L−1, respectively, which were 2.15-, 2.95- and 3.30-fold higher than Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 grown in standard BG-11 medium (control). In addition, as per the theoretical mass balances, 1 tonne biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 might yield 294.5 kg of biodiesel and 135.7 kg of bioethanol. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid were the dominant fatty acids found in the Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 lipid. This study illustrates the potential use of TWW as a microalgae feedstock with reduced nutrient supplementation (20% of TWW). Thus, it can be considered a promising feedstock for economical biofuel production. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axenic green microalgae for the treatment of textile effluent and the production of biofuel: a promising sustainable approach

Pandey,

Kant,

Chaudhary

et al. 2024

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Developing superior species with the capability of producing high biomass and lipids, designing effective harvesting techniques, and simultaneously extracting multiple compounds of commercial importance can make the algal biofuel production process economically viable (Hussain and Rittmann, 2023). Algal species suitable for biofuel production can be isolated from the nature or developed in the laboratory using genetic manipulation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential of freshwater algal species for biofuel production

Singh,

Ikram,

Tripathi

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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The present study demonstrates the potential of freshwater algal species collected from the natural habitats of Central India for biofuel production. Algal samples were collected from different waterbodies and were microscopically examined in the laboratory. Based on the morphological features using the taxonomic keys, a total of 51 algal species (18 Cyanophyta, 22 Chlorophyta, 7 Bacillariophyta, and 4 Charophyta) were identified. Among them, 18 algal species were successfully purified in the laboratory and tested for their ability to produce biomass and lipid, which are the essential criteria to be qualified as suitable feedstock for biofuel production. The data on specific growth rates suggest that Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus bijugatus, and Nitzschia recta were the fastest growing species, whereas all the members of Cyanophyta showed relatively slower growth. The biomass productivity was higher in C. vulgaris, S. bijugatus, and Anabaena sp., but the lipid production was highest in C. vulgaris followed by Haematococcus sp., whereas the members of Cyanophyta showed the lowest lipid production. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of biomass and lipid production and biochemical parameters of four selected algal species, C. vulgaris, S. bijugatus, Anabaena sp., and N. recta, due to their faster growth, higher biomass and lipid production, and abundance. Based on the cluster analyses of the values of lipid and biomass production of these species against internal N:P ratio, three distinct clusters were noticed, cluster 1: near 50:1, cluster 2: between 30:35, and cluster 3 between 15:20 cellular N:P ratios. High lipid and biomass productivity were observed between the 30:35 N:P ratio. Despite the metabolic significance of N and P for algae, more research is warranted to conclude anything precisely.

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Enhancing biodiesel production in Anabaena sphaerica MBDU 105: exploring photo-, hetero-, and mixotrophic cultivation for biomass, lipid, and fuel properties

Anahas,

Prasannabalaji,

Muralitharan

2024

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Algae as a source of renewable energy: opportunities, challenges, and recent developments

Abstract: Sustainable production of renewable biofuels is being examined globally. First- and second-generation biofuels are not able to meet the demand.

Cited by 6 publications

References 246 publications

Axenic green microalgae for the treatment of textile effluent and the production of biofuel: a promising sustainable approach

Axenic green microalgae for the treatment of textile effluent and the production of biofuel: a promising sustainable approach

Exploring the potential of freshwater algal species for biofuel production

Enhancing biodiesel production in Anabaena sphaerica MBDU 105: exploring photo-, hetero-, and mixotrophic cultivation for biomass, lipid, and fuel properties

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