“…In the central nervous system with its specialized long-lived cells characterized by extensive membrane processes, in addition to its traditional role in maintaining cellular homeostasis (Hu et al, 2015;Tooze and Schiavo, 2008), autophagy plays several other roles: the modulation of synaptic plasticity (Hernandez et al, 2012), the maintenance of the pool of neural stem cells required for postnatal neurogenesis (Wang et al, 2013), and finally, the normal development of the CNS, including neural progenitor proliferation, neuronal maturation, connectivity and myelination (Ban et al, 2013;Hara et al, 2006;Jang et al, 2015;Kadir et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2016;Komatsu et al, 2006;Liang et al, 2010;Rangaraju et al, 2010;Schwarz et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2013;Song et al, 2008). As could be expected, defects in autophagy-related genes or dysfunctions of autophagy are reflected in a number of human neurological disorders (for review, see (Bockaert and Marin, 2015;Ebrahimi-Fakhari et al, 2016;Yamamoto and Yue, 2014)).…”