“…[ 7 ] studied the influence of partial ionization in the lower solar atmosphere on the acoustic cut-off frequency of gravity waves, finding the partial ionized effects are necessary to match the numerical modelling to solar observations. Srivastava et al [ 8 ] used two-fluid numerical simulations to model the formation of thin jets, called spicules, in the solar atmosphere with the ion-neutral effects, an important aspect of driving a high height of the simulated spicules.…”