Alfred Russel Wallace

Raby, Peter

doi:10.1515/9780691222431

Cited by 118 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…e article was praised for the quality of the writing and the exposure of the Dutch government's atrocities in Java. However, according to Raby (2002), the story in the book is very long and tedious, oen deviating from the subject matter. e essence of the story only wants to show that the Dutch residents and assistant residents pretended not to see the blackmail carried out by the local nobles.…”

Section: The End Of the Cultivation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Controversy of the Cultivation System In Indonesia

Siregar

2023

Hist Stud J

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This study aims to reveal the controversy over the Cultivation system (cultuurstelsel) implementation in the Dutch East Indies (1830–1870). This research was carried out using the historical method. The stages consist of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research relies on secondary sources that come from books and articles. This research data was collected using a document review technique. The researchers previously classified specific themes, namely the background of the Cultivation system policy, the Cultivation system policy in several previous works, and the end of the system policy. The results of this study show that research on Cultivation systems in Java is divided into three phases. The first phase started in the 1850s or 1860s and lasted until the early 1920s. While in the second phase began in the 1920s until the end of Dutch rule in Indonesia. Then in the third phase, starting from independence to the present. There was a paradigm shift regarding the Cultivation system in all stages. At first, it was more likely that the system was considered evil, then shifted to the judgment that it was good for the Dutch and bad for the indigenous population. Furthermore, the view indicates that the system benefited some people but was terrible for others. The controversial side of the policy persists to this day, and continuous research is needed to reveal the merits and demerits of the system.Keywords: Controversy, Impact, Cultivation, IndonesiaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan sisi kontroversi dari pelaksanaan kebijakan Tanam Paksa di Hindia Belanda (1830-1870). Penelitian ini dikerjakan menggunakan metode sejarah. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini mengandalkan sumber sekunder yang berasal dari buku dan artikel. Data itu dikumpulkan dengan teknik penelaahan dokumen, dengan sebelumnya peneliti melakukan klasifikasi terhadap tema-tema khusus, yaitu; latar belakang kebijakan Tanam Paksa, kebijakan Tanam Paksa di beberapa karya terdahulu, dan masa akhir kebijakan Tanam Paksa. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa Penelitian mengenai Tanam Paksa di Jawa dibagi ke dalam tiga fase. Fase pertama dimulai sejak tahun 1850 atau 1860-an sampai permulaan 1920-an. Sementara pada fase kedua, yang dimulai sejak tahun 1920-an sampai masa akhir kekuasaan Belanda di Indonesia. Kemudian pada fase ketiga, yang dimulai sejak kemerdekaan hingga saat ini. Pada ketiga fase itu terjadi pergeseran paradigma mengenai Tanam Paksa, di awal lebih cenderung bahwa sistem itu jahat, kemudian beralih menjadi sistem itu baik untuk Belanda dan jahat untuk penduduk pribumi. Selanjutnya berkembang pandangan yang mengindikasikan bahwa sistem itu menguntungkan bagi segolongan penduduk, namun jahat bagi golongan penduduk lainnya. Sisi kontroversi dari kebijakan itu masih berlangsung hingga hari ini dan dibutuhkan penelitian terus menerus untuk mengungkapkan baik dan buruknya sistem tersebut.Keywords: kontroversi, dampak, Tanam Paksa, Indonesia

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Section: The End Of the Cultivation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Controversy of the Cultivation System In Indonesia

Siregar

2023

Hist Stud J

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“…The great 19th century explorer, collector, radical political activist and naturalist-philosopher, Alfred Russel Wallace achieved much-deserved eminence in his own day. However, since that time he has remained in relative obscurity despite the efforts of numerous historians and biographers (for examples, McKinney, 1969; Fichman, 2004; Raby, 2001; Smith & Beccaloni, 2008). The ‘official’ celebrations of Darwin's achievement that abound in his bicentenary year represent Darwin as a solitary genius – a reluctant revolutionary.…”

Section: Darwin and Wallace Before The ‘Origin’mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ‘test’ in question took the form of a celebrated paper entitled ‘The Origin of Human Races and the Antiquity of Man Deduced from the Theory of Natural Selection’ (Wallace, 1864b). Uncharacteristically the original paper was presented to a meeting of the Anthropological Society of London, a racist breakaway from the Ethnological Society (see Raby, 2001: 176; Fichman, 2004: 154). The core of Wallace's highly original treatment of this topic is a contrast between the intensity of the pressure of natural selection on the bodily structures of ‘solitary’ species, with the limitations imposed on this pressure once a being evolves who is ‘social and sympathetic’ and has the mental faculties required for invention.…”

Section: Wallace Natural Selection and Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Sex and the ‘Earthly Paradise’: Wallace versus Darwin on Human Evolution and Prospects

Benton

2009

The Sociological Review

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There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved (Darwin, Origin of Species) key differences of view that arose between these figures from the mid-1860s onwards -with the emphasis on human distinctiveness, racial and gender divisions, and the future prospects of human kind.Race, sex and the 'earthly paradise'

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“…The German anthropologist and ornithologist Adolf Bernhard Meyer (1880:350) asserted that Earl had travelled widely along the north coast of New Guinea; but the only published claim by Earl, who was usually quick to indicate those locations that he had personally visited, that might suggest an intimate knowledge of the island is the following rather ambiguous statement: 'My limited experience with regard to New Guinea would not authorize me to say that no difference exists between the coast and inland native of this great island' (1849-50:3, original emphasis ). 51 Wallace is now well served by biographers, including the recent works by Raby (2001) and Fichman (2004). See the Alfred Russel Wallace website for further details of Wallace's own publications and of writing about his work.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Oceanic Negroes’: British anthropology of Papuans, 1820–1869

Ballard¹

2008

Foreign Bodies: Oceania and the Science of Race 1750–1940

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Captain James Cook (1728-1779) failed to see much of New Guinea or its inhabitants the Papuans. By late 1770, when the battered Endeavour reached the southern shores of New Guinea, Cook and his crew were on their way home and little disposed to attempt contact with the island's reportedly hostile people. But on Monday, 3 September, Cook (1955:408), 'having a mind to land once in this Country before we quit it altogether', went ashore in the pinnace in a party of twelve, accompanied by the naturalists Joseph Banks (1743-1820) and Daniel Solander (1733-1782). The first moment of encounter was pure Defoe: 'we had no sooner landed than we saw the print of Mens feet fresh upon the Sand'. Just two hundred yards further along the beach, the ship's party was attacked by three or four men throwing 'darts' and lime powder. After firing a volley, they retired, followed 'by 60 or as some thought about 100 of the natives'.

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Alfred Russel Wallace

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

The Controversy of the Cultivation System In Indonesia

The Controversy of the Cultivation System In Indonesia

Race, Sex and the ‘Earthly Paradise’: Wallace versus Darwin on Human Evolution and Prospects

‘Oceanic Negroes’: British anthropology of Papuans, 1820–1869

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