Alfaxalone induction dose following administration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog

Maddern, Kieren; Adams, Vicki; Hill, Nichole A T; Leece, Elizabeth A

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00503.x

Cited by 85 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…23 2320, Australia) has been solubilized with 2-hydroxypropyl b-cyclodextrin and is currently registered in several countries for intravenous and intramuscular induction and maintenance of anesthesia in dogs and cats. 17,33 The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four doses of alfaxalone delivered by intravascular injection in the blue crab by evaluating behavioral effects and changes in heart rate. It was hypothesized that three of the doses of alfaxalone (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) delivered intravascularly would be sufficient to induce anesthesia in blue crabs, whereas the highest dose of alfaxalone (100 mg/kg) would be sufficient for euthanasia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFICACY OF ALFAXALONE FOR INTRAVASCULAR ANESTHESIA AND EUTHANASIA IN BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS)

Minter

Harms²,

Archibald³

et al. 2013

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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The objective of this study was to characterize the behavioral effects and changes in heart rate of four doses of alfaxalone delivered by intravascular injection to blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Thirty (male, n = 27; female, n = 3) blue crabs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of alfaxalone: eight animals were assigned to each of the 5-, 10-, and 15-mg/kg treatment groups, and the remaining six animals were assigned to the 100-mg/kg group. Times for anesthetic induction and recovery periods were recorded. Righting reflex, defensive posturing, and heart rate were evaluated before, during, and after the anesthetic trial. Anesthesia was induced in all 14 animals consolidated into the high-dosage group (15 mg/kg [n = 8] and 100 mg/kg [n = 6]), which was significantly greater than 8 of 16 animals in the low-dosage group (5 mg/kg [n = 2] and 10 mg/kg [n = 6]). Median anesthesia induction time for all crabs was 0.4 min, with no significant difference in induction time between groups observed. Median recovery time was 9.4 min (n = 2), 6.1 min (n = 5), 11.3 min (n = 8), and 66.1 min (n = 5) for the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 100-mg/kg groups, respectively. Recovery times were significantly longer for crabs exposed to an induction dose of 100 mg/kg compared with the 10- and 15-mg/kg induction doses. A significant decrease in the median heart rate was observed between the baseline value and that observed at both induction and 5 min postinjection in the 100-mg/kg dose trial. Two mortalities were observed during the anesthesia trials (n = 1, 10 mg/kg; n = 1, 100 mg/kg), both associated with the autotomization of limbs. In summary, the intravascular administration of alfaxalone at 15 mg/kg provided rapid and reliable sedation, whereas alfaxalone administered at 100 mg/kg produced rapid and long lasting anesthesia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFICACY OF ALFAXALONE FOR INTRAVASCULAR ANESTHESIA AND EUTHANASIA IN BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS)

Minter

Harms²,

Archibald³

et al. 2013

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…Preanesthetic sedation, induction and endotracheal intubation scales [9] were used to assess the sedation score during premedication at the 5th, 10th and 15th min. (-15, -10, -5, respectively), and after induction and intubation, respectively.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory and Hemodynamic Effects of Medetomidine or Xylazine with Atropine and Diazepam Premedication for Total Intravenous Anesthesia Induced and Maintained with Propofol/Fentanyl in Dogs Undergoing Surgery

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different premedication protocols followed by a propofol/fentanyl TIVA on cardio-respiratory and hemodynamic changes in twenty-four dogs randomly divided into two groups (AMD-group: medetomidine, atropine and diazepam; AXD-group: xylazine, atropine and diazepam). Cardiorespiratory variables, acid-base indices, quality of sedation, induction, intubation and recovery were recorded throughout the experiment.Signifi cant changes were observed for the pO 2 level, which was increased in the AMDgroup from 90 min. (*P< 0.05) to 120 min. (**P< 0.01) of anesthesia. This can be explained by a reduction of the administration rate of propofol/fentanyl TIVA and oxygenation initiated due to excessively deep anesthesia detected by an anesthetsiologist, leading to improved ventilation and increased pO 2 . The pCO 2 (*P < 0.05) reached more preferable values during the fi rst 30 min. and pH (**P< 0.01) was signifi cantly improved within the fi rst 60 min. in the AXD-group thanks to less depressant effects of xylazine. Within the fi rst 30 min. of anesthesia a signifi cant heart rate difference between the groups was accompanied with signifi cantly higher BP (hypertension) in the AXD-group (10 min. ***P< 0.001, 30 min. **P< 0.01). This points to the possibility of atropine application only in the case of a tendency to bradycardia followed by hypotension.It can be concluded that xylazine is a better option for the premedication of a propofol/ fentanyl TIVA in dogs undergoing a prolonged surgical intervention, in spite of the fact that lower sedation scores were attained. We have detected signifi cantly less adverse cardio-respiratory and hemodynamic effects of xylazine, and a shorter recovery time when compared to medetomidine.

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“…The benefits of alfaxalone in small animals include rapid induction and fast recovery (Maddern et al 2010). Injection of alfaxalone is not painful and no irritation or inflammation was observed even after perivascular administration.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Injection of alfaxalone is not painful and no irritation or inflammation was observed even after perivascular administration. To date, alfaxalone has been tested mainly in mammals (Ferre et al 2006;Muir et al 2008Muir et al , 2009Leece et al 2009;Maddern et al 2010) where the administration of high doses can be associated with certain complications (Muir et al 2009;Maddern et al 2010). Adverse effects of alfaxalone include temporary hypotension, and higher doses may result in prolonged apnea (Leece et al 2009;Muir et al 2009;Maddern et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

et al. 2013

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The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxalone in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Alfaxalone at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg was administered to thirteen adult male green iguanas via the ventral caudal vein following 24 h fasting. The induction time, tracheal tube insertion time, surgical plane of anaesthesia interval, and full recovery time were recorded. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (measured indirectly), pulse rate, respiratory rate, SpO 2 and ETCO 2 were recorded. The induction time and tracheal tube insertion time was 41.54 ± 27.69 s and 69.62 ± 37.03 s, respectively. The time from the alfaxalone administration to the loss of toe-pinch reflex was 2.20 ± 1.47 min. Full activity was restored 14.23 ± 4.15 min after the initial alfaxalone administration. The respiratory rate increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 4.3. ± 3.2 to 6.8 ± 1.6 breaths per min and a gradual decrease of ETCO 2 from 43.65 ± 10.54 to 26.58 ± 8.10 mmHg (P < 0.01) was noted from the second to the 13 th min after alfaxalone administration. The pulse rate, SpO 2 and blood pressure did not change significantly. Intravenous use of alfaxalone proved to be a suitable and safe form for short term anaesthesia in green iguanas.

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Alfaxalone induction dose following administration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog

Cited by 85 publications

References 17 publications

EFFICACY OF ALFAXALONE FOR INTRAVASCULAR ANESTHESIA AND EUTHANASIA IN BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS)

EFFICACY OF ALFAXALONE FOR INTRAVASCULAR ANESTHESIA AND EUTHANASIA IN BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS)

Cardiorespiratory and Hemodynamic Effects of Medetomidine or Xylazine with Atropine and Diazepam Premedication for Total Intravenous Anesthesia Induced and Maintained with Propofol/Fentanyl in Dogs Undergoing Surgery

Alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

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