Alfama Springs, Lisbon, Portugal: Cultural Geoheritage Throughout the Centuries

Ramalho, Elsa Cristina; Marrero-Diaz, Rayco; Leitão, Manuela; Dias, Ruben P.; Ramada, Ana; Pinto, Cláudia

doi:10.1007/s12371-020-00484-1

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Considering the dense urban fabric of the area, the surface position of drilling of a dipping well is very limited. The permit area of Alfama, giving to the Lisbon Municipality the rights for prospecting and exploration of mineral water, is also coincident with the protection zone of Alfama Waters in the Lisbon Master Plan Revision (PDM, 2012), showed in Ramalho et al (2020). Therefore, any future drillhole will have to simultaneously be either hydrogeologically favorable or have a favorable urban location.…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although not visible today due to their location in an area with an intense urban impermeable fabric, they still have a strong but unnoticeable in uence in this part of the city (Ramalho et al, 2020). As the name of Alfama district comes from the Arabic word Al-llama (which means hot fountain), Alfama waters importance to the growing and development of city of Lisbon is known for more than 2.000 years (Ramalho et al 2020). They are part of the large number of springs that emerge along the Tagus River Estuary, from Fonte da Bica until Chafariz d'El-Rei, which means Spout Fountain and King's Fountain, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) are considered as a very important cultural geoheritage in the heart of Lisbon, capital of Portugal. Although not visible today due to their location in an area with an intense urban impermeable fabric, they still have a strong but unnoticeable in uence in this part of the city (Ramalho et al, 2020). As the name of Alfama district comes from the Arabic word Al-llama (which means hot fountain), Alfama waters importance to the growing and development of city of Lisbon is known for more than 2.000 years (Ramalho et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their location integrated in the urban fabric, with strong relation with the historical walls that protected the city is depicted in Fig. 1 (Ramalho et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history of all these springs, as well as their use, the architectural plan of the associated building baths and the way they were exploited are detailly described in Ramalho and Lourenço (2005;2006); Ramalho et al (2020) also give an historical perspective of their uses throughout the centuries, highlighting its important geoheritage role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Modelling of a Hydrothermal System in a Densely Populated Urban Area – the Alfama Springs Case-Study (Lisbon, Portugal)

Marrero-Diaz¹,

Ramalho

Carvalho

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the XIX th century, the Alfama thermal and non-thermal springs were qualified as “mineral water” by the governmental authorities. But after a few years of legal usage in balneotherapy, all of them knew a constant and progressive definitive decay, and the last balneotherapic facility was abandoned and sealed more than 40 years ago. Despite their significant influence in Lisbon life along the History, their exact location is now only approximate. Nowadays, they are all buried below the city buildings, squares and streets. Since some of the Alfama springs reached temperatures up to 34 °C, groundwater from these springs can be used in a new modern spa or in district heating facilities in the heart of the city of Lisbon, if adequately recovered. But priorly, to carry out this task, a global understanding of the conceptual hydrogeological model is needed. However, the springs are located in a densely urbanized and touristic area, where geological outcrops are no longer visible and old springs’ location is unknown; therefore, a review of geological and hydrogeological data and geotechnical reports was carried out to plan further research works. Adding to this exhaustive bibliographic review and data integration, new seismic reflection data were acquired, and brought some new insights on the groundwater circulation system. All these data interpretations contributed significantly to achieve a better knowledge on the main and secondary faults that control the occurrence of Alfama springs and framed them into the complex regional tectonic framework. The entire set of historical hydrogeological data, geotechnical information, and newly acquired data lead to a reasonably accurate and data supported 3D geological and hydrogeological conceptual model of the deep groundwater flow circuit. This paper describes the research work that led to the conception of the local and complex 3D hydrogeological model of the Alfama springs system. With this 3D model, the best location for a dipped well can now be envisaged, keeping in mind the narrow local urban constraints, possible future users, and stakeholders.

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Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their location integrated in the urban fabric, with strong relation with the historical walls that protected the city is depicted in Fig. 1 (Ramalho et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

3D Modelling of a Hydrothermal System in a Densely Populated Urban Area – the Alfama Springs Case-Study (Lisbon, Portugal)

Marrero-Diaz¹,

Ramalho

Carvalho

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Geoheritage and Cultural Heritage—A Review of Recurrent and Interlinked Themes

Pijet-Migoń

Migoń

2022

Geosciences

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Relationships between geoheritage and cultural heritage are being increasingly explored and have become one of the mainstreams within studies of geoheritage and geodiversity. In this review paper, we identify the main and secondary themes at the geoheritage—cultural heritage interface and provide examples of specific topics and approaches. These themes include added cultural value to geoheritage sites, geoheritage in urban spaces, cultural landscapes, and the contribution of geoheritage to their identity, mining and quarrying heritage, linkages with natural disasters, history of science, and art. Intangible cultural heritage is also reviewed in the geoheritage context. In the closing part of the paper, various classifications of geoheritage—cultural heritage linkages are proposed, although it is concluded that themes and fields of inquiry are overlapping and interlinked, rendering one classification system not very feasible. Instead, a mind map to show these diverse connections is offered. The paper closes with recommendations for future studies, arising from this review and the identification of research gaps and under-researched areas.

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Alfama Springs, Lisbon, Portugal: Cultural Geoheritage Throughout the Centuries

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

3D Modelling of a Hydrothermal System in a Densely Populated Urban Area – the Alfama Springs Case-Study (Lisbon, Portugal)

3D Modelling of a Hydrothermal System in a Densely Populated Urban Area – the Alfama Springs Case-Study (Lisbon, Portugal)

Geoheritage and Cultural Heritage—A Review of Recurrent and Interlinked Themes

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