Alfalfa Root Flavonoid Production Is Nitrogen Regulated

Coronado, Carmen; Zuanazzi, Jose Angelo Silviera; Sallaud, Christophe; Quirion, Jean-Charles; Esnault, R.; Husson, Henri‐Philippe; Kondorosi, Ádám; Ratet, Pascal

doi:10.1104/pp.108.2.533

Cited by 123 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Under soil conditions in which free water can vary drastically millimeter by millimeter, the actual concentration of chemicals could be much higher or lower than that released by 30,000 border cells into 1 mL of water. Under the conditions used, however, the levels of inducing activity from border cells during a 16-h period of cocultivation were very similar to values obtained in other studies in which whole-root exudates were used (Rossen et al, 1985;Shearman et al, 1986;Coronado et al, 1995;McKhann et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Induction of Microbial Genes for Pathogenesis and Symbiosis by Chemicals from Root Border Cells

1997

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Reporter strains of soil-borne bacteria were used to test the hypothesis that chemicals released by root border cells can influente the expression of bacterial genes required for the establishment of plant-microbe associations. Promoters from genes known to be activated by plant factors included vir€, required for Agrobacferium fumefaciens pathogenesis, and common nod genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae and Rhizobium melilofi, required for nodulation of pea (Pisum sativum) and alfalfa (Medicago safivum), respectively. Also included was phzB, an autoinducible gene encoding the biosynthesis of antibiotics by Pseudomonas aureofaciens. The vir€ and nod genes were activated to different degrees, depending on the source of border cells, whereas phzB activity remained unaffected. The homologous interaction between R. leguminosarum bv viciae and its host, pea, was examined in

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Induction of Microbial Genes for Pathogenesis and Symbiosis by Chemicals from Root Border Cells

1997

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“…The classically studied symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legumes has shown that symbiosis occurs only when the plant is under N-limiting conditions (Davidson and Robson, 1986;Eaglesham, 1989;Zahran, 1999). Similarly, the secretion of flavones and flavonols that initiates rhizobia-legume symbiosis is enhanced under N-limiting conditions (Coronado et al, 1995;Zhang et al, 2009). This combined information suggests that the plant may have some control over the identity and functionality of the rhizosphere microbiome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rhizosphere microbiome assemblage is affected by plant development

2013

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There is a concerted understanding of the ability of root exudates to influence the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. However, our knowledge of the connection between plant development, root exudation and microbiome assemblage is limited. Here, we analyzed the structure of the rhizospheric bacterial community associated with Arabidopsis at four time points corresponding to distinct stages of plant development: seedling, vegetative, bolting and flowering. Overall, there were no significant differences in bacterial community structure, but we observed that the microbial community at the seedling stage was distinct from the other developmental time points. At a closer level, phylum such as Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and specific genera within those phyla followed distinct patterns associated with plant development and root exudation. These results suggested that the plant can select a subset of microbes at different stages of development, presumably for specific functions. Accordingly, metatranscriptomics analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome revealed that 81 unique transcripts were significantly (Po0.05) expressed at different stages of plant development. For instance, genes involved in streptomycin synthesis were significantly induced at bolting and flowering stages, presumably for disease suppression. We surmise that plants secrete blends of compounds and specific phytochemicals in the root exudates that are differentially produced at distinct stages of development to help orchestrate rhizosphere microbiome assemblage.

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“…Ponce et al (2004) identified several flavonoids from cold ethanolic extracts of dried shoots and roots of Trifolium repens (white clover), grown with and without Glomus intraradices, and concluded that the metabolism of these compounds is strongly affected by the AMF colonization. The concentration of flavonoids in leguminous roots varies with root colonization with mycorrhizal fungi, the stages of interaction between the plant and its symbiont (Lum & Hirsch, 2003;Hirsch & Kapulnik, 1998;Volpin et al, 1994), and with deficiency of nitrogen and/or phosphorus (Coronado et al, 1995;Nair et al, 1991;Murali & Teramura, 1985). Table 1 shows the concentrations of the compounds represented by the seven major chromatograph peaks, as a result of treatments (seedling inoculation with AMF, and phosphorus levels).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in flavonoid contents of plants also occur in response to nutritional status (Coronado et al, 1995). Most phenolic compounds are considered stress metabolites and their accumulation in plant parts is affected by nutritional deficiencies, carbon and nutrient balance, hormonal changes, abiotic stresses, plant age and development .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the occurrence of flavonoids in roots of passion fruit seedlings

Soares¹,

Martins²,

Mathias³

et al. 2005

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Composition and the role of root flavonoids in the regulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis are still poorly understood. Several flavonoids stimulate spore germination, mycelia growth and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and both root colonization and flavonoid composition are affected by plant nutritional status. Effects of AMF on the occurrence and content of aromatic secondary metabolites in the roots of passion fruit seedlings grown under two levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization (10 and 50 mg kg -1 of phosphorus) was studied. Seedlings were inoculated with Glomus clarum and a population of native fungi from a passion fruit plantation. Methanolic extracts of passion fruit seedlings roots were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was recorded the occurrence of several compounds, possibly flavonoids, with seven major peaks. The root contents of the compound with a retention time of 4.5 minutes, varied in response to the root colonization by different mycorrhizal fungi, and the contents of two compounds with retention times of 3.4 and 18.9 minutes varied due to the poor plant growth and nutritional status. Passion fruit seedlings have several aromatic compounds, and their contents were correlated with root colonization by different mycorrhizal fungi, the reduced seedling growth due to nutritional stress, and/or the plant defense responses to the fungi. Key words: phenolic compounds, mycorrhizal plants, phosphorus nutrition FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES E A OCORRÊNCIA DE FLAVONÓIDES EM RAÍZES DE MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELORESUMO: Os flavonóides nas raízes e seu papel na regulação da simbiose com fungos micorrízicos não são bem conhecidos. Vários flavonóides estimulam a germinação de esporos, crescimento micelial e colonização micorrízica. Ambos, a colonização micorrízica e a composição de flavonóides nas raízes são afetados pelo estado nutricional da planta. Avaliou-se o efeito de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares sobre a ocorrência e concentração de substâncias, possivelmente metabólitos aromáticos secundários pertencentes à classe dos flavonóides, em raízes de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo, crescidas sob dois níveis de fósforo (10 e 50 mg kg -1). As mudas foram inoculadas com Glomus clarum e uma população nativa de fungos micorrízicos de um plantio de maracujá do município de São João da Barra, RJ. Extratos de raízes em metanol foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Os cromatogramas mostraram a ocorrência de diversos compostos, possivelmente da classe dos flavonóides, diferenciados no cromatograma em sete picos principais. Foi observado que os conteúdos nas raízes do composto com tempo de retenção de 4,5 minutos, variou em função da colonização micorrízica pelas diferentes espécies de fungos e o conteúdo dos dois compostos com tempo de retenção de 3,4 e 18,9 minutos, variou com o baixo crescimento da planta e o estresse nutricional. Mudas de maracujazeiro apresentam diversos compostos aromáticos, possivelmente da classe dos fl...

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Alfalfa Root Flavonoid Production Is Nitrogen Regulated

Cited by 123 publications

References 48 publications

Induction of Microbial Genes for Pathogenesis and Symbiosis by Chemicals from Root Border Cells

Induction of Microbial Genes for Pathogenesis and Symbiosis by Chemicals from Root Border Cells

Rhizosphere microbiome assemblage is affected by plant development

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the occurrence of flavonoids in roots of passion fruit seedlings

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