Alfalfa as a Bioenergy Crop

Bhattarai, Kishor; Brummer, E. Charles; Monteros, María J.

doi:10.1002/9781118609477.ch10

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Little information exists on quantitative genetics of biomass and related traits in perennial dicotyledonous plants, with the exception of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (e.g., [18] [27] [28] which have been identified as potential herbaceous bioenergy crops). Estimates of narrow-sense heritability for biomass and related traits are not available for perennial species in the Asteraceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently the emphasis for perennial herbaceous bioenergy crop breeding and cultivar development is on native C4 grasses such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) [15] and prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) [16], introduced C4 grasses, primarily Miscanthus (Miscanthusx giganteus) [17], and to a lesser extent alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for use in sustainable perennial herbaceous bioenergy production systems [18]. However, there is a need to identify populations of native North American forbs that: 1) are adapted to and provide environmental benefits on marginal cropland, 2) produce high amounts of biomass in sustainable perennial herbaceous bioenergy production systems with grasses, and 3) increase biodiversity and pollinator habitat in herbaceous bioenergy production systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.)

Assefa¹,

Wu²,

Albrecht³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) has demonstrated potential for bioenergy production in North America, South America, and Europe. Our objectives were to: 1) determine genetic variation and narrow-sense heritability for biomass and related morphological traits, and 2) identify half-sib families with superior biomass yield and potential for use in cultivar development in cup plant. Thirty three half-sib families and a check were evaluated at two locations in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Annual biomass yield at Brookings ranged from 2183 kg•ha −1 in 2012 to 8053 kg•ha −1 in 2013; whereas, yields at Arlington were similar among years. Mean individual half-sib family biomass yield ranged from 3912 to 6784 kg•ha −1 at Brookings and from 5682 to 11,269 kg•ha −1 at Arlington. Heritability estimates for five biomass-related morphological traits ranged from 0.52 to 0.72. This cup plant population had potential for biomass production in the north central USA and contained sufficient additive genetic variation to expect progress from among-and-within-family selection for biomass yield and related traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.)

Assefa¹,

Wu²,

Albrecht³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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“…Moreover, its deep noduled-root system improves soil properties and it is a source of biologically fixed nitrogen that also prevents water loss in semi-dry lands [15]. Recently, there is an increasing interest for its use as a bioenergy feedstock [16]. Furthermore, the tendency to shift from high-input farming systems based on inorganic-N fertilizers to low-input systems, increases the need for alfalfa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Drought Stress in Seedlings of Medicago sativa L., Medicago arborea L. and Their Hybrid (Alborea)

et al. 2019

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Medicago sativa L. is a tetraploid perennial forage legume of great agronomical interest. The increasing need for its use under water-deficit conditions as well as low-input systems demands further improvement of its drought tolerance. On the other hand, Medicagoarborea L. is a perennial leguminous shrub, which is knownas a drought-tolerant species. In the present study, drought stress responses of the aforementioned medicago species, along with their hybrid, named Alborea, were comparatively assayed at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional levels. In particular, transcript abundance of representative genes that: (a) control ion transport, intracellular Na + /H + antiporters(NHX1) and rare cold inducible2A (RCI2A); (b) have an osmotic function ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1); and (c) participate in signaling pathways and control cell growth and leaf function stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases kinases (SIMKK), Zinc Finger (ZFN), apetala2/ethylene-responsive element binding (AP2/EREB), basic leucine zipper (bzip) and Medicago sativa Helicase 1(MH1) were evaluated. Under well-watered conditions, the studied population of Alborea showed the highest stem elongation rate and photosynthetic rate that were dramatically reduced under drought conditions compared to M. sativa and M. arborea. Under drought conditions, the studied population of M. arborea showed less reduction of relative water content, all gas-exchange parameters, less lipid peroxidation, and more antioxidant capacity. Moreover, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the population of M. arborea exhibited significantly higher transcript levels of drought-responsive genes in both leaves and roots under drought stress conditions. M. sativa has better antioxidant capacity than Alborea and had a higher induction of stress-related genes, thus it performs better than Alborea under drought conditions. Among the studied genes, it seems that AP2/EREB play a critical role in the response of the studied population to drought stress.

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“…Perennial herbaceous plants have high biomass yield and can be grown on marginal land (Bhattarai et al, 2013). Alfalfa is regarded as one potential plant for biofuel.…”

Section: Monolignol Pathway Engineering In Herbaceous Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant biotechnology for lignocellulosic biofuel production

Jiang

Peng

et al. 2014

Plant Biotechnology Journal

113

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SummaryLignocelluloses from plant cell walls are attractive resources for sustainable biofuel production. However, conversion of lignocellulose to biofuel is more expensive than other current technologies, due to the costs of chemical pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis for cell wall deconstruction. Recalcitrance of cell walls to deconstruction has been reduced in many plant species by modifying plant cell walls through biotechnology. These results have been achieved by reducing lignin content and altering its composition and structure. Reduction of recalcitrance has also been achieved by manipulating hemicellulose biosynthesis and by overexpression of bacterial enzymes in plants to disrupt linkages in the lignin-carbohydrate complexes. These modified plants often have improved saccharification yield and higher ethanol production. Cell wall-degrading (CWD) enzymes from bacteria and fungi have been expressed at high levels in plants to increase the efficiency of saccharification compared with exogenous addition of cellulolytic enzymes. In planta expression of heat-stable CWD enzymes from bacterial thermophiles has made autohydrolysis possible. Transgenic plants can be engineered to reduce recalcitrance without any yield penalty, indicating that successful cell wall modification can be achieved without impacting cell wall integrity or plant development. A more complete understanding of cell wall formation and structure should greatly improve lignocellulosic feedstocks and reduce the cost of biofuel production.

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Alfalfa as a Bioenergy Crop

Cited by 5 publications

References 119 publications

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.)

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.)

Growth, Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Drought Stress in Seedlings of Medicago sativa L., Medicago arborea L. and Their Hybrid (Alborea)

Plant biotechnology for lignocellulosic biofuel production

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Alfalfa as a Bioenergy Crop

Cited by 5 publications

References 119 publications

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (&lt;i&gt;Silphium perfoliatum&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (&lt;i&gt;Silphium perfoliatum&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Growth, Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Responses to Drought Stress in Seedlings of Medicago sativa L., Medicago arborea L. and Their Hybrid (Alborea)

Plant biotechnology for lignocellulosic biofuel production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.)

Genetic Variation for Biomass and Related Morphological Traits in Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.)