Alexandre Brongniart et la faïence fine

Non-Invasive Raman Analysis of 18th Century Chinese Export/Armorial Overglazed Porcelain: Identification of the Different Enameling Techniques

“…Maggetti and d'Albis failed to detect boron in this enamel by XRF but reported that borax had been used for the preparation of the blue enamel [80], citing the previous book of Préaud and d'Albis [85], which reports Hellot's color recipes written in 1753 in many manuscripts kept in the archives of the Manufacture Nationale de Sèvres [86]. Jean Hellot (1685-1766) made seminal contributions to the development of the chemical and metallurgical processes, such as ceramic and textile industry in France and beyond [87,88].…”

“…He was appointed by the King of France in June 1751 to get hold of the secrets of the porcelain production which were, until then, scattered among different hands, in order that the future Royal Porcelain Factory of Sèvres had the best know-how. Summaries of these manuscripts have been published [85,[89][90][91][92][93].…”

“…The blue enamel everywhere shows the peak at ~820 cm −1 characteristic of As-apatite [106] and a SiO 4 stretching band characteristic of lead-alkali enamel (doublet~980-1030 cm −1 ). In the periphery (light blue), the additional Raman signature (1260 to 1290 cm −1 ) of the triangular BO 3 species indicates the use of borax according to the recipe given by Hellot [85,91]. The black point shows the spectrum of the dendritic epsilon-Fe 2 O 3 phase, commonly observed in the presence of a local excess of flux [55,94,95].…”

Sugar Spoils: Marie‐Antoine Carême and the Gastronomic Architecture of Napoleonic Empire

“…Porcelain was a familiar material for imperial propaganda; imperial commissions of Sèvres porcelain, from plaques illustrating battles in the Napoleonic wars to pictorial services depicting Napoleonic monuments to biscuit portrait busts of the Emperor and Empress are well documented. 81 Napoleon even requested that Brongniart produce biscuit reproductions of the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Palais des Tuileries, though Brongniart refused on the grounds that their technical challenges would be overwhelming. 82 During the Italian campaign Talleyrand followed Napoleon's wish to revive the practice, begun under Louis XV, of giving biscuit centrepieces as diplomatic gifts, including the Sèvres Service égyptien in a group of gifts for Alexander I (1777-1825) at the Congress of Erfurt in 1808.…”

“…81 Napoleon even requested that Brongniart produce biscuit reproductions of the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Palais des Tuileries, though Brongniart refused on the grounds that their technical challenges would be overwhelming. 82 During the Italian campaign Talleyrand followed Napoleon's wish to revive the practice, begun under Louis XV, of giving biscuit centrepieces as diplomatic gifts, including the Sèvres Service égyptien in a group of gifts for Alexander I (1777-1825) at the Congress of Erfurt in 1808. 83 Porcelain was also exhibited publicly as state propaganda in Salon du Louvre exhibitions; the exhibition of 1801, for example, included an equestrian portrait of Napoleon, in biscuit, by Josse-François-Joseph Leriche (1741-1812), head of the sculpture studio at Sèvres.…”