Aldosterone is a possible new stimulating factor for promoting vascular calcification

Abstract

Introduction 3. Methods 3.1 Animal model preparation 3.2 Experiments 3.3 Data analysis 4. Results 4.1 Noninvasive blood pressure, weight loss, and cardiac weight index of rats 4.2 Von Kossa staining in the aorta 4.3 The calcium content and the activity of ALP in the aorta tissue 4.4 Masson's trichrome staining 4.5 The content of the C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in serum 4.6 The content of Urotensin II and aldosterone in the aorta tissue 4.7 The change of the immunoreactivity 5. Discussion 6. Conclusions 7. Author contributions 8. Ethics approval and consent to participate 9. Acknowledgment 10. Funding 11. Conflict of interest 12. Availability of data and materials 13. References

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment improved arterial stiffness in patients with primary aldosteronism: a cohort study compared with adrenalectomy

“…In PA patients, aldosterone has been shown to induce vascular wall inflammation, 54 vascular calcification 55 and perivascular fibrosis. 56 Aldosterone also increases early atherosclerosis and promotes plaque formation by activating the MR on smooth muscle cells.…”

Molecular mechanisms and effects of urocortin II on rat adventitial fibroblast calcification induced by calcified medium

“…A growing number of studies have shown that vascular calcification is an active process regulated by a variety of molecular signaling pathways ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ), which are highly similar to those involved in bone formation ( 7 , 8 ). Previous studies have shown that TGF-β1 can induce calcification of rat extravascular membrane cells in the calcification medium ( 17 ).…”

“…Originally, vascular calcification was considered to be the result of passive degeneration of blood vessels, marking the aging of blood vessels. However, a growing number of studies have shown that vascular calcification is an active process regulated by a variety of molecular signaling pathways ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ), which are highly similar to those involved in bone formation ( 7 , 8 ). Boström et al demonstrated that during calcification, the morphology of rat vascular mesenchymal cells (VSMCs) was altered from the original contractile phenotype to the osteoblast-like phenotype.…”

AIF1: Function and Connection with Inflammatory Diseases

“…CKD patients have a higher risk of developing CVD, and vascular calcification (VC) is one of the strongest predictors of CVD risk [90]. Serum aldosterone levels are increased in CKD patients, and mediate the VC process [91,92]. VC is a highly regulated process in which calcium-phosphate complexes are deposited in the intima and media and participate in ECs, VSMCs, circulating cells and pro-osteogenic and anti-calcifying factors [93,94].…”