Aldehydes

Kuykendall, Jim R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046884-6.00916-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 297 publications

(353 reference statements)

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“…Studies [37,38] have listed most aldehydes as having cancerogenic risk, or of being irritants, genotoxic and cytotoxic; of which formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are known to have the strongest effect on health. Some carbonyl compounds are also known for having high incremental reactivity for ozone formation [39].…”

Section: Aldehyde Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels Ethanol-and Butanol-gasoline fuel blends, and their impact on performance, emissions and Soot Index

Anselmi

Matrat

Starck

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Oxygenated fuels are studied in spark combustion engines because of their potentially positive impact on greenhouse emissions, and as part of alternative renewable fuels. Furthermore, engine test results position them as a promising lever to reduce engine-out emissions, and most notably, particles. This study focuses on oxygenated fuel Butanol, which is a potential output of recent developments on Algae and Cyanobacteria harvest process. Its blending into gasoline and application into spark ignition engines is investigated. Blending levels of n-Butanol and iso-Butanol have been proposed based on standard gasoline's octane number, RON, at two ethanol concentration levels, 10 and 25%. Fuel blend impact on combustion, and on regulated and non-regulated emissions is analysed. Fuel knock resistance properties, RON and MON, determine the knocking tendencies for ethanol and butanol at 2000 rpm. However, test results highlight different knocking sensibility behaviour at higher engine speed. Emission results also illustrate a strong advantage of Butanol on particle mass emissions. Soot indices, that are conventionally used to quantify the impact of a fuel over particle emissions, are studied and confronted to results obtained on ethanol blends. The deviation in Particle Matter Indices obtained for butanol blends is analysed, on the basis of specific operating points. It highlights different particle emissions responses to the increase of oxygenates ethanol and butanol, not uniquely correlated to oxygen and aromatic concentration.

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Section: Aldehyde Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels Ethanol-and Butanol-gasoline fuel blends, and their impact on performance, emissions and Soot Index

Anselmi

Matrat

Starck

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Aldehydes are a common organic compound with a -CHO functional group (Kuykendall, 2010), i.e., a carbonyl group with a hydrogen bonded to the oxygen (figure).…”

Section: Aldehydes and Carbonyls In Natural Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ripening Kinetics of Iron Sulfides in the Presence/Absence of a Carbonyl Group

Nolan¹

2018

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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The ripening of mackinawite (Fe1+xS) to pyrite (FeS2) or greigite (Fe 2+ Fe 3+ 2S4) was examined at temperatures between 23 and 90°C to better understand the kinetics of lowtemperature iron sulfide crystallization in the presence or absence of aldehydes. Mackinawite starting material was synthesized in a glass, thermostatted reaction vessel from aqueous hydrogen sulfide and ferrous ammonium sulfate. Formaldehyde, which acts as an organic switch leading to greigite formation instead of pyrite, was added to the reaction vessel to explore changes in kinetics which produce greigite and suppress pyrite production in the presence of carbonyls. Samples of iron sulfides were collected at predetermined intervals and analyzed by powder XRD. Two distinct ripening pathways were found: if a carbonyl (formaldehyde) was present, mackinawite ripened to greigite. If a carbonyl was absent, the mackinawite ripened to pyrite with small amounts of smythite and pyrrhotite produced along the way. Application of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation to better understand the solid-state reaction kinetics suggests that nucleation of the greigite or pyrite begins at the surface of the mackinawite grains. That is consistent with oxidation of the Fe 2+ by the carbonyl group to form greigite, or oxidation of the S 2by H2S to form pyrite as suggested by previous workers.

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“…The partly positive carbonyl carbon attracts nucleophiles, so they tend to undergo addition reactions, which may involve elimination of water 3 . Aldehydes can also undergo addition reactions with nucleophilic residues (mainly amines, thiols) in macromolecules (DNA, proteins) to form potentially toxic covalent adducts [4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Aldehydes: Physical and Chemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco smoke is a source of indoor aldehydes; acetaldehyde in particular is a major component, followed by acrolein and formaldehyde. [12][13][14][15] Together, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein are considered major air pollutants by the US EPA since they pose a significant threat to human health and safety 5,6 . Other exogenous sources include forest fires 16,17 , incinerators, coal processing plants 18,19 , household cleaning products 20 , fumigants 6 and biological specimen preservatives 6 .…”

Section: Aldehydes: Exogenous Sources Of Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We rationalize the results in Figure 27 as follows. In Figure 27A, where the number of features is large (5,419), the level of noise might have compromised the correlation for two of the subjects. In Figure 27B (238 putative aldehydes), many aldehydes were detected over background noise, giving a good preliminary correlation (although greatly limited in impact since there were only 10 subjects, and of real interest is early detection of ovarian cancer where inflammation should be less severe).…”

Section: Principal Component Analyses (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urine aldehydeomics by CAX mass tag mass spectrometry

Mungalachetty¹

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The central theme of this dissertation is to develop a sensitive method for the nontargeted analysis of aldehydes as a biomarker in human urine. We are particularly interested in exploring the urine aldehydeome of ovarian cancer. This method is based on ESI (electrospray ionization) and MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization) mass spectrometric analyses.Recent findings in the literature suggest that aldehyde-levels could be elevated in cancer due to disruptions in metabolic processes. These aldehydes may in part be excreted into the urine, which can be collected non-invasively and analyzed. The challenge associated with evaluating urine is that aldehydes may be present in trace quantities and lack ionization efficiency. In order to boost the sensitivity and specificity of detection of aldehydes, our lab has developed a mass tag known as CAX-A, or cationic xylyl aniline.Aldehydes tagged with CAX-A can be readily detected in a mass spectrometer (MS) due to the nature of the CAX group and the higher order MS behavior of CAX-aldehydes. The overall research plan is to apply CAX-MS technology to 1) devise a sensitive tagging approach for the detection of aldehyde standards in buffer; and 2) apply this tagging methodology to detect aldehyde biomarkers in urine. For validation of the labeling methodology in buffer, we applied CAX-labeling to 6 standard aldehydes. All six standard CAX-aldehyde derivatives were detected as precursor ions after dilution to 830 fmol/injection by ESI-MS (signal-to-noise [S/N] ratio 587-1573) and to 1.1 fmol/spot via MALDI-MS (S/N 36-1945). CAX-MS was also used to detect aldehydes in 10 urine samples (5 ovarian cancer cases and 5 controls), yielding 5,419 features, of which 238 were putative aldehydes. This expanded the human urine putative aldehydeome about me to this day. I also owe a big thank you to Rafay Abu of the Barnette Institute for his kind help with the LTQ-Orbitrap instrument mechanics. A special thank you to Dr. Sumantha Garai, a former scientist at Dr. Thakur's Lab, for helping me gain a better understanding of the organic chemistry involved in this work. I would also like to extend my gratitude to our collaborator, Dr. Marsha Moses, at the Boston Children's Hospital for providing us with precious samples and making this research more meaningful. A special thank you to Rosalee Robinson, Sarom Lay, and Ainsley Watkins of the Pharmaceutical Sciences Department for helping me streamline my path towards graduation. I also extend my thanks to Drs. Joelle Carlo, Jane Saczynski, and Lara Milane, for their guidance during my 4.5 years as a teaching assistant.Finally, I offer my deepest gratitude to my family and friends for their unconditional love and support. My mom, Purnima, a trailblazer of her times, educated herself and made countless sacrifices to come to this country and to give us a better life. She is my idol. My dad, Sam, with his great sense of humor (dad jokes) has been a steady and gentle presence throughout my life. My wonderful sister, Syndhia, has always bee...

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Aldehydes

Cited by 6 publications

References 297 publications

Combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels Ethanol-and Butanol-gasoline fuel blends, and their impact on performance, emissions and Soot Index

Combustion characteristics of oxygenated fuels Ethanol-and Butanol-gasoline fuel blends, and their impact on performance, emissions and Soot Index

Ripening Kinetics of Iron Sulfides in the Presence/Absence of a Carbonyl Group

Urine aldehydeomics by CAX mass tag mass spectrometry

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