Alcoholic Liver Disease

Mitchell, Mack C.; Szabó, Gyöngyi

doi:10.1002/9781119251316.ch26

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 360 publications

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“…Study subjects for the present analysis were the controls from the previous study, and comprised of adults aged 18 years and above attending the ophthalmology, dermatology, or surgical services during the study period. Individuals with conditions associated with autoimmune markers were excluded from the analysis, such as (i) known human immunodeficiency virus infection, rheumatic or autoimmune disease; (ii) history of alcohol misuse, defined as >20 g/day in women and >30 g/day in men [18]; (iii) clinical signs or previous history of liver disease; or (iv) positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Seroprevalence of Autoantibodies Typical of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Eastern Ethiopia: Is Chewing of Khat (Catha edulis) a Triggering Factor?

Orlien

Ahmed

Ismael

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Background Recent studies have identified chewing of khat (Catha edulis) as an independent risk factor for liver injury; however, the pathogenetic mechanism remains poorly understood. Case series have found markers of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with khat-related liver disease, suggesting that khat chewing might trigger an autoimmune response. The aims of the present study were (i) to assess the prevalence of autoantibodies typical for autoimmune liver diseases in a healthy population in Ethiopia and (ii) to explore the hypothesis that khat usage triggers autoimmunity. Methods Consenting adults (≥18 years) without known autoimmune disease or manifest liver disease were included. One-hundred-and-sixty-nine individuals with current khat use were compared to 104 individuals who never used khat. Seroprevalence of antinuclear (ANA), antismooth muscle (SMA), and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were determined and compared between the groups using logistic regression models to adjust for age and sex. Results Overall, 2.6% of the study subjects were positive for ANA, 15.4% for SMA, and 25.6% for AMA. When comparing khat users to nonusers, ANA was detected in 4.1% vs. 0% (p=0.047), SMA in 16.0% vs. 14.4% (p=0.730), and AMA in 24.9% vs. 26.9% (p=0.704). ANA was excluded from multivariable analysis since there was no seropositive in the reference group. After adjusting for sex and age, no significant association between khat use and SMA or AMA was found. Conclusions No association between khat usage and the seropresence of SMA or AMA was found, weakening the hypothesis that khat-related liver injury is mediated through autoimmune mechanisms. However, the seroprevalences of AMA and SMA were strikingly high in this Ethiopian population compared to global estimates, suggesting that diagnostic algorithms for autoimmune liver diseases developed in Europe and North America might lead to misdiagnosis of patients on the African continent.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Seroprevalence of Autoantibodies Typical of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Eastern Ethiopia: Is Chewing of Khat (Catha edulis) a Triggering Factor?

Orlien

Ahmed

Ismael

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…Excessive drinking affects various organs, including the liver, which metabolizes alcohol. Among these effects, the most serious is Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD), which is particularly frequently observed in Western European countries [1]. ALD presents as an initial symptom of a fatty liver in which fat deposition is seen in hepatocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. Atrorubens Alef.) Extract Protects against Ethanol-induced Liver Injury via the Suppression of Phosphodiesterase 4 mRNA Expression

Kitano¹,

Norikura²,

Matsui-Yuasa³

et al. 2021

AustinJNutriFoodSci

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We examined the protective effects of Black Carrot Extract (BCE) on Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) using in vivo and in vitro models. In an in vivo ethanol-Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rat model, BCE treatment suppressed serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity. BCE also suppressed ethanol- and CCl4-induced alcoholic liver disease. Furthermore, we observed that the BCE or butanol-extracted fraction of BCE (BCE-BuOH) recovered the cell viability of in vitro ethanol-treated hepatocytes. BCE-BuOH also suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species induced by ethanol to the control level. Moreover, BCE-BuOH regulated the activities of three alcoholic metabolism-related enzymes: cytochrome P450 2E1 activity was suppressed at the posttranslational level, alcohol dehydrogenase activity was increased at the posttranslational level, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity was increased at the transcriptional level. Novel findings in this study include an increase in intracellular Cyclic Adenosine 3’,5’-Monophosphate (cAMP) levels in hepatocytes with the simultaneous addition of ethanol and BCE-BuOH and the suppression of changes in the activities of three enzymes upon treatment with an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Our study also found that BCE-BuOH suppressed the expression of phosphodiesterase 4b mRNA, which increased intracellular cAMP levels. These results suggest that BCE is useful for the treatment of ALD.

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Alcoholic Liver Disease

Cited by 2 publications

References 360 publications

High Seroprevalence of Autoantibodies Typical of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Eastern Ethiopia: Is Chewing of Khat (Catha edulis) a Triggering Factor?

High Seroprevalence of Autoantibodies Typical of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Eastern Ethiopia: Is Chewing of Khat (Catha edulis) a Triggering Factor?

Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. Atrorubens Alef.) Extract Protects against Ethanol-induced Liver Injury via the Suppression of Phosphodiesterase 4 mRNA Expression

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