Alcoholic Extract of Lotus Leaves Improves Lipid Profile in Rats with HIV Protease Inhibitor-induced Dyslipidemia

Su, QJ; Lu, ZZ; Deng, QY; Wei, BM

doi:10.7727/wimj.2014.373

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…In addition to HIV PI-induced hepatic injury, naringin protected against NRTI-induced mitochondrial toxicities in zidovudine-treated rats by improving antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing ROS-induced mtDNA damage, and increasing the expression of the complex IV protein [154]. Alcoholic extracts of lotus leaves, rich in flavonoids, have the potential to treat dyslipidemia in rats treated with LPV and RTV [155]. Third, the red clover isoflavones, formononetin, and biochanin A were shown to modulate NFκB/pAkt signaling molecules and protect against RTV-induced hepatotoxicity in in vivo animals [73,156,157].…”

Section: Targeting Insulin Resistance Cellular Stress and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors

Cheng

2023

IJMS

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Antiviral protease inhibitors are peptidomimetic molecules that block the active catalytic center of viral proteases and, thereby, prevent the cleavage of viral polyprotein precursors into maturation. They continue to be a key class of antiviral drugs that can be used either as boosters for other classes of antivirals or as major components of current regimens in therapies for the treatment of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, sustained/lifelong treatment with the drugs or drugs combined with other substance(s) often leads to severe hepatic side effects such as lipid abnormalities, insulin resistance, and hepatotoxicity. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully known and are under continuous investigation. This review focuses on the general as well as specific molecular mechanisms of the protease inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity involving transporter proteins, apolipoprotein B, cytochrome P450 isozymes, insulin-receptor substrate 1, Akt/PKB signaling, lipogenic factors, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, pregnane X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, off-target proteases, and small GTPase Rab proteins related to ER-Golgi trafficking, organelle stress, and liver injury. Potential pharmaceutical/therapeutic solutions to antiviral drug-induced hepatic side effects are also discussed.

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Section: Targeting Insulin Resistance Cellular Stress and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors

Cheng

2023

IJMS

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“…The isoquercetin is one of the main flavonoids in lotus leaves (Chen, Zheng, Fang, Liu, & Li, 2013b;Li et al, 2017). Some researchers have established extraction processes for lotus leaf flavonoids, including hot water extraction, methanol and other organic solvent extractions (Su, Lu, Deng, & Wei, 2015), ultrasonic extraction (Zhang, Shan, Tang, & Putheti, 2009), microwave-assisted extraction (Gu, Li, & Zhu, 2014), and other methods, and they have studied the antioxidant activity of flavonoids (Chen, Xiang, Deng, Liu, & Li, 2013a).…”

Section: Jementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thermal processing methods and simulated digestion on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of lotus leaves

Wang

Dong

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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The release and antioxidant activity of the phenolics in lotus leaves were changed by various processing methods and in vitro simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF) digestion. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity of FRAP and ABTS were the highest in the sample processed by microwave vacuum drying. The SGF treatment significantly reduced the TFC in lotus leaves treated by various thermal processing methods but had no significant effect on the TPC. However, SIF digestion reduced the TPC in lotus leaves treated with different thermal processing methods but increased the TFC. The SGF digestion reduced the ABTS of lotus leaves, whereas SIF digestion had no significant effect on the ABTS antioxidant capacity. However, both SGF and SIF digestion increased the FRAP antioxidant capacity. Previous steam heated followed by microwave vacuum drying is the optimal method for drying lotus leaves, after considering all factors. Practical applications Phenolics and flavonoid from lotus leaf have antioxidant capacity that brings health benefits. However, the antioxidant capacity is affected by various processing methods and digestion. Therefore, the development of processing methods is very important. Our results show that previous steam heated followed by microwave vacuum drying is the optimal method for drying lotus leaves, considering the antioxidant capacity and flavor.

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“…Lotus leaves also exhibit antioxidant, antiobesity, antimalarial, antifungal, and potential anti-HIV activities and can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells ( Ahn et al., 2013 ; Zhao and Deng, 2013 ; Zhu et al., 2019 ). The potential biological effects of lotus leaf extract ( LLE ) have been shown in animals, including humans, rats, and fish ( Lee et al., 2015 ; Munglue, 2015 ; Su et al., 2015 ; Zhang et al., 2015 ; Ding et al., 2017 ). Most of the relevant studies to date have focused on its pharmacological functions in mammals as a traditional Chinese medicine ( Mukherjee et al., 2009 ), and knowledge of the effects of dietary LLE supplementation on poultry is currently limited to its growth-promoting influence ( Munglue, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary supplementation with lotus leaf extract on the immune response and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens

Cheng

Zhang²,

Jin

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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This study aimed to assess the effect of lotus leaf extract ( LLE ) on the immune response and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens. One-day-old birds were assigned to 7 treatments. Two maize-based control diets were each given with or without 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (antibiotics and blank control groups, respectively). Five experimental diets were each given with 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 g/kg LLE. Average daily weight gain ( ADG ) was assessed, and the immune organ index was calculated. Serum cytokine and immunoglobulin levels were determined, and intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results showed that in the LLE5 group, ADG was higher than that of the antibiotics and blank control groups ( P < 0.05) from d 7 to 21, the thymus index at d14, spleen index at d 21, and bursa index at d 14 and 21 were increased markedly ( P < 0.05). In the LLE5 and LLE7.5 groups, serum total IgG and sIgA concentrations were higher than those of the antibiotics and blank control groups ( P < 0.05) at d 7 and higher than those of the antibiotics group ( P < 0.05) at d 14. No significant effect was observed for interferon-gamma concentrations between the antibiotics and LLE5 or LLE7.5 groups; compared with the antibiotics group, IL2 concentrations were increased in the LLE5 group at d 7 and in the LLE7.5 group at d 21 ( P < 0.05). 16s rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that there were 1,704, 232, and 4,814 operational taxonomic unit in the blank control group, antibiotics group, and LLE groups, respectively. The intestinal microbiota consisted mainly of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes (>95%) at the phylum level; at the family level, the abundance of Clostridiaceae and Bacteroidales S24-7 was increased, whereas that of Peptostreptococcaceae was reduced in LLE5 group ( P < 0.05). These findings suggest that LLE may be a good source of prebiotics, helping to modulate the immune response and boost the levels of beneficial bacteria.

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Alcoholic Extract of Lotus Leaves Improves Lipid Profile in Rats with HIV Protease Inhibitor-induced Dyslipidemia

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors

Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors

Effects of thermal processing methods and simulated digestion on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of lotus leaves

The effects of dietary supplementation with lotus leaf extract on the immune response and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens

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