Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review

Hamilton, Kyra; Keech, Jacob J.; Peden, Amy E.; Hagger, Martin S.

doi:10.1111/dar.12817

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Males and younger ages (15-29 years) were the most common groups. These findings are consistent with national (Brazilian) and international literature that identified gender and age as significant predictors of alcohol-related injuries, with a greater prevalence of alcohol-related injuries occurring among young men (5,11,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)33). Similarly, the most recent Pan American Health Organization report on Alcohol and Health in the Americas highlights that men under the age of 30 represent the largest proportion of patients entering emergency departments with injuries (3,34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…To date, many studies have corroborated a high burden of alcohol-related injury in Brazil and the presence of SES disparities among the injured (3,5,11,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of non-fatal alcohol-related injuries, specifically in LMICs, and one of the few looking at non-fatal injuries outside of a large metropolitan area of Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Association Between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Non-fatal Alcohol-Related Injury in Maringá, Brazil

El-Gabri

Toomey

Gil

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Background: Previous research has corroborated a high burden of alcohol-related injury in Brazil and the presence of socioeconomic disparities among the injured. Yet, individual-level data is scarce. To fill this gap, we examined the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with non-fatal alcohol-related injury in Maringá, Brazil. Methods: We used household survey data collected during a 2015 cross-sectional study. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate associations of demographic (age, gender, race) and socioeconomic characteristics (employment, education, income) with non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Results: Of the 995 participants who reported injuries, 62 (6.26%) were alcohol-related. Fifty-three (85%) alcohol-related injuries were reported by males. Multivariate analysis indicated being male (OR = 5.98 95% CI = 3.02, 13.28), 15-29 years of age (OR = 3.62 95% CI = 1.72, 7.71), and identifying as Black (OR = 2.38 95% CI = 1.09, 4.95) were all significantly associated with increased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury, whereas unemployment was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of reporting an alcohol-related injury (OR = 0.41 95% CI = 0.18, 0.88). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in Maringá, being male, between the ages of 15 and 29, employed, or identifying as Black were characteristics associated with a higher risk for non-fatal alcohol-related injury. Individual level data, such as ours, should be considered in combination with area-level and country-level data when developing evidence-based public-health policies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Association Between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Non-fatal Alcohol-Related Injury in Maringá, Brazil

El-Gabri

Toomey

Gil

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…For example, some landlocked countries may have more exposure to drowning in inland waterways such as rivers and lakes 41. This study did not explore the circumstances leading to drowning, aquatic location where the incident occurred, or the impact of alcohol, which is a significant contributor to drowning 42–44. There is also further work required to quantify the burden of drowning among migrants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Franklin¹,

Peden²,

Hamilton³

et al. 2020

Inj Prev

Self Cite

162

164

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BackgroundDrowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study’s objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.MethodsUnintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning.ResultsGlobally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.

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“…Alcohol has been found to significantly increase the risk of drowning in other age groups [18,19,22,24,36,37], however little is known about the risk, particularly when combined with prescription medication. This paper shows significant levels of alcohol consumption (10% of those aged 65 years and older had a BAC ≥ 0.05%) however we note that in the Australian population, people aged over 65 years are likely to be regular drinkers [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An average of 57 people aged 65 years and over drown in Australia each year [4], most commonly in rivers, creeks, and streams [17], followed by ocean and harbor locations [11]. Drowning risk factors among older people include being male, rurality, increasing age, and alcohol [11,12,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs on Drowning among Victims of Senior Years

Pearn

Peden

Franklin

2019

Safety

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Unintentional fatal drowning among older people is an issue as lifespans lengthen and older people embrace active retirement. While pre-existing medical conditions are a known risk factor for drowning among this age group, less is known about the role of alcohol and drugs. This 15-year (1 July 2002 to 30 June 2017) Australian study used coronial data to investigate the impact on older people (aged 65 years and older) of the obtundent effects of prescribed drugs which had been ingested by those with a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Of the closed coronial cases with toxicological information (N = 471), one quarter (24.6%; N = 116) had consumed alcohol prior to drowning (one in seven BAC ≥ 0.05%), of which a third also had obtundent drugs present (33.6%; N = 39). Rivers/creeks/streams and swimming pools were the locations with the highest number of drowning deaths. Bathtubs (36.8%) and rivers/creeks/streams (17.9%) recorded the highest proportion of cases with victims having a BAC ≥ 0.05%. Bathtubs (13.2%), lakes (7.0%), and rivers/creeks/streams (6.8%) recorded the highest proportion of drowning cases with obtundent drug involvement. Obtundent drug involvement was significantly more likely for activities where the person who drowned was alone (i.e., unknown activity) (X2 = 6.8; p = 0.009). Common obtundent drugs included Diazepam, Tempazepam, and Codeine. Advocacy to prevent drowning in older people is a complex challenge, due to the myriad of locations where drowning occurs, the consumption of alcohol, and polypharmacy required for treating illness and maintaining good health.

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Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review

Abstract: On average, 49.46% and 34.87% of fatal and non-fatal drownings, respectively, involved alcohol, with large variations among studies observed.

Cited by 47 publications

References 73 publications

Association Between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Non-fatal Alcohol-Related Injury in Maringá, Brazil

Association Between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Non-fatal Alcohol-Related Injury in Maringá, Brazil

The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs on Drowning among Victims of Senior Years

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