Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders

Medina‐Mora, María Elena; Monteiro, Maristela; Room, Robin; Rehm, Jürgen; Jernigan, David H.; Sánchez-Moreno, Diego; Real, Tania

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0426-7_ch7

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In low- and middle-income countries, alcohol use disproportionately affects premature mortality and disability [ 11 ]. In African countries, alcohol consumption has a large impact on the burden of disease and mortality, and alcohol exposure is expected to increase in the next years [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of alcohol use among adult males in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Tessema

Amare

2020

Trop Med Health

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Background Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that is widely consumed in the world. Alcohol use is one of the world’s leading risk factors for disease and disability. It affects individuals’ physical, mental, economic, and social issues. To our knowledge, there is limited study on alcohol consumption and associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of alcohol use in Ethiopia by using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Methods This study was based on the most recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 12,594 men at the age of 15 to 59 were included in this study. Considering the hierarchical nature of EDHS data, a multilevel logistic regression model was applied. The ICC, MOR, and the LR test were done to assess the presence of a significant clustering effect. Besides, deviance was used for model comparison since the models were nested models. Variables with a p value ≤ 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multilevel logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to declare the strength and significance of the association between the dependent variable and independent variables. Results The prevalence of alcohol drinking in this study was 46.64% with a 95% CI of 45.00 to 47.00%. Age groups 30–44 (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.08, 1.56) and 45–59 (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.10, 1.74), Orthodox religion follower (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.24, 0.55), media exposure (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.41, 2.20), khat chewing (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI 2.54, 3.74), smoking (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.71, 2.79), having no occupation (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.22, 0.51), and region were the predictors of alcohol use in Ethiopia. Conclusions Nearly half of the Ethiopian population reported alcohol use at least once in their lifetime. Old age, Orthodox religion followers, media exposure, khat chewing, smoking, and having no occupation were predictors of alcohol use in Ethiopia. Therefore, health education about the risk of alcohol used is highly recommended. In addition, khat chewing and smoking control mechanisms should be designed and given special attention. Advertising alcohol through media is better to be controlled. Job opportunities should also be created for those who have no occupation to mitigate alcohol use in Ethiopia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of alcohol use among adult males in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Tessema

Amare

2020

Trop Med Health

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“…It can help prevent the development of alcohol use disorder and unipolar depression; other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cirrhosis of the liver; and help prevent accidental and intentional injuries or death [ 9 ]. Evidence from HICs and LMICs indicates that the most cost-effective strategy for reducing alcohol consumption is increased taxation and/or pricing of alcohol products, followed by bans on alcohol advertising, restrictions on access to alcohol, and enforcement of drinking and driving legislation [ 9 , 10 ]. Laws and regulations reducing demand for alcohol products are thus considered “ best practice ”.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence from HICs and LMICs indicates that the most cost-effective strategy for reducing alcohol consumption is increased taxation and/or pricing of alcohol products, followed by bans on alcohol advertising, restrictions on access to alcohol, and enforcement of drinking and driving legislation [ 9 , 10 ]. Laws and regulations reducing demand for alcohol products are thus considered “ best practice ”.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion, prevention and protection: interventions at the population- and community-levels for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries

Petersen

Evans‐Lacko

Semrau

et al. 2016

Int J Ment Health Syst

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BackgroundIn addition to services within the health system, interventions at the population and community levels are also important for the promotion of mental health, primary prevention of mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders, identification and case detection of MNS disorders; and to a lesser degree treatment, care and rehabilitation. This study aims to identify “best practice” and “good practice” interventions that can feasibly be delivered at these population- and community-levels in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to aid the identification of resource efficiencies and allocation in LMICs.MethodsA narrative review was conducted given the wide range of relevant interventions. Expert consensus was used to identify “best practice” at the population-level on the basis of existing quasi-experimental natural experiments and cost effectiveness, with small scale emerging and promising evidence comprising “good practice”. At the community-level, using expert consensus, the ACE (Assessing Cost-Effectiveness in Prevention Project) grading system was used to differentiate “best practice” interventions with sufficient evidence from “good practice” interventions with limited but promising evidence.ResultsAt the population-level, laws and regulations to control alcohol demand and restrict access to lethal means of suicide were considered “best practice”. Child protection laws, improved control of neurocysticercosis and mass awareness campaigns were identified as “good practice”. At the community level, socio-emotional learning programmes in schools and parenting programmes during infancy were identified as “best practice”. The following were all identified as “good practice”: Integrating mental health promotion strategies into workplace occupational health and safety policies; mental health information and awareness programmes as well as detection of MNS disorders in schools; early child enrichment/preschool educational programs and parenting programs for children aged 2–14 years; gender equity and/or economic empowerment programs for vulnerable groups; training of gatekeepers to identify people with MNS disorders in the community; and training non-specialist community members at a neighbourhood level to assist with community-based support and rehabilitation of people with mental disorders.ConclusionInterventions provided at the population- and community-levels have an important role to play in promoting mental health, preventing the onset, and protecting those with MNS disorders. The importance of inter-sectoral engagement and the need for further research on interventions at these levels in LMICs is highlighted.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0060-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…All CRAs restricted themselves to modifiable risk factors [11], where the modifications could be linked to reductions in the disease burden [12]. As a consequence, they have become crucial for guiding health policy [13], not only in terms of primary prevention [14][15][16], but also in terms of secondary prevention and health systems management [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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Background and aimsAlcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. This review updates knowledge on risk relations between dimensions of alcohol use and health outcomes to be used in global and national Comparative Risk Assessments (CRAs).MethodsSystematic review of reviews and meta‐analyses on alcohol consumption and health outcomes attributable to alcohol use.For dimensions of exposure: volume of alcohol use, blood alcohol concentration and patterns of drinking, in particular heavy drinking occasions were studied. For liver cirrhosis, quality of alcohol was additionally considered. For all outcomes (mortality and/or morbidity): cause of death and disease/injury categories based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes used in global CRAs; harm to others.ResultsIn total, 255 reviews and meta‐analyses were identified. Alcohol use was found to be linked causally to many disease and injury categories, with more than 40 ICD‐10 three‐digit categories being fully attributable to alcohol. Most partially attributable disease categories showed monotonic relationships with volume of alcohol use: the more alcohol consumed, the higher the risk of disease or death. Exceptions were ischaemic diseases and diabetes, with curvilinear relationships, and with beneficial effects of light to moderate drinking in people without heavy irregular drinking occasions. Biological pathways suggest an impact of heavy drinking occasions on additional diseases; however, the lack of medical epidemiological studies measuring this dimension of alcohol use precluded an in‐depth analysis. For injuries, except suicide, blood alcohol concentration was the most important dimension of alcohol use. Alcohol use caused marked harm to others, which has not yet been researched sufficiently.ConclusionsResearch since 2010 confirms the importance of alcohol use as a risk factor for disease and injuries; for some health outcomes, more than one dimension of use needs to be considered. Epidemiological studies should include measurement of heavy drinking occasions in line with biological knowledge.

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Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence and predictors of alcohol use among adult males in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Prevalence and predictors of alcohol use among adult males in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Promotion, prevention and protection: interventions at the population- and community-levels for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries

The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update

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