Alcohol, tobacco, diet and the risk of oral cancer: a pooled analysis of three case-control studies

Macfarlane, Gary J.; Zheng, Tongzhang; Marshall, James R.; Boffetta, Paolo; Niu, Shiru; Brasure, John; Merletti, Franco; Boyle, Peter

doi:10.1016/0964-1955(95)00005-3

Cited by 170 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, even 1±9 cigarettes daily augments the risk considerably (Table 3). This is in accordance with other studies (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1986; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1988;MacFarlane et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract: a dietary and socio-medical case-control and survival study

Freng¹,

Daae

Engeland

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the in¯uence of social, dietary and environmental factors on the incidence of malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract and on the prognosis of patients with these cancers. Design: A population-based case-control study was carried out, and the patients in the study were included in a survival analysis. Setting: The study was carried out at the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract: a dietary and socio-medical case-control and survival study

Freng¹,

Daae

Engeland

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Considering other risk factors, case-control studies have demonstrated that regular consumption of vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, and vegetable oils play an important role in the prevention of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx and a diet deficit in the aforementioned nutrients is frequently observed in patients with HNSCCs (Macfarlane et al, 1995). We were not able to assess dietary habits of our patients because of the large amount of missing data in our patient records.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iranian Patients and Risk Factors in Young Adults: a Fifteen-Year Study

Mafi

Kadivar²,

Hosseini³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 8th most common cancer worldwide. Although older age, male gender, smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors, an increasing number of HNSCC patients are without typical risk factors. Our aim was to define demographics of HNSCC in Iran and the potential risk factors related to Iranian ethnicity and lifestyle. Methods: We conducted a crosssectional analytical study on 262 patients with primary SCC of the larynx, hypopharynx or tongue referred to our pathology department during 1995-2010. Patients' demographics, tumor characteristics and risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and anemia were analyzed and compared in two groups of patients: over 40 years (older group) and 40 years or less (young group); Chi-square and Mann-Whitney analytical tests were employed. Results: 5.7% of patients were young adults. The male to female ratio was 1.5 in the younger group and 5.6 in the older group. In young adults, 40% of tumors were located in larynx and 40% in the tongue. Age >40 was significantly associated with laryngeal location (P<0.001). History of smoking and drinking was significantly associated with age >40 and SCC of larynx in both age groups. Cervical lymph node involvement was significantly correlated with SCC of tongue (P<0.001), however, considering young adults only, SCC of hypopharynx was most frequently accompanied by lymph node involvement (60%). The most prevalent tumor among men was SCC of larynx whereas SCC of hypopharynx was the most prevalent tumor among women (61%), of whom 18.2% were ≤40. Conclusions: The incidence of HNSCC among young adults seems to be higher in Iran compared to other countries. Reduction in exposure to known risk factors, especially tobacco smoking in forms of cigarettes and bubble pipes, and search for other causative agents of HNSCC in young population is recommended.

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“…MacFarlane notes that tobacco alone without excessive alcohol exposure appears to involve a higher than expected risk for females [10]. The ability to metabolise the harmful components resulting from tobacco and alcohol may vary in humans.…”

Section: Increased Susceptibility To Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Young: A Spectrum or a Distinct Group? Part 1

Toner

O’Regan²

2009

Head and Neck Pathol

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While most head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) occurs in older people, an increasing number of young patients are being affected worldwide, with up to 5.5% \40. These are predominantly oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Some patients have heavy exposure to the usual risk factors, but an increasing number do not. Part of this trend appears to be due to rising numbers of HPV associated tonsil carcinoma, particularly in males (smokers and non-smokers).

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Alcohol, tobacco, diet and the risk of oral cancer: a pooled analysis of three case-control studies

Cited by 170 publications

References 14 publications

Malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract: a dietary and socio-medical case-control and survival study

Malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract: a dietary and socio-medical case-control and survival study

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iranian Patients and Risk Factors in Young Adults: a Fifteen-Year Study

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Young: A Spectrum or a Distinct Group? Part 1

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