Alcohol, tobacco and obesity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma

Marrero, Jorge A.; Fontana, Robert J.; Fu, Sherry; Conjeevaram, Hari S.; Su, Grace L.; Lok, Anna S.

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.10.005

Cited by 437 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

285

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…45 The risk of HCC is greatly increased in chronic viral carriers exposed to other recognized risk factors, including exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). 66,67 Aflatoxins, a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are potent human carcinogens implicated in HCC 68 and also it is proved to Figure 2 Spectrum of relationship between NAFLD and diabetes. 64 have a significant association with HCC in India.…”

Section: Role Of Aflatoxin B Causes Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Kar

2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of death all over the world, more so in Asia and Africa. The representative data on epidemiology of HCC in India is very scanty and cancer is not a reportable disease in India and the cancer registries in India are mostly urban. 45 million people who are suffering from chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and approximately 15 million people who are afflicted with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in India. HBV and HCV infection is considered an important etiologic factor in HCC. Positive association between HCC and consumption of alcohol where alcohol contribute as a cofactor for hepatotoxins and hepatitis viruses. Aflatoxin contamination in the diets, Hepatitis B virus infection and liver cirrhosis in Andhra Pradesh, India and direct chronic exposure to aflatoxins was shown to cause liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of liver of any cause lead to develop about 70%-90% of HCC. Aflatoxin interact synergistically with Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which increase the risk of HCC. HBV infection, HBV infection with Aflatoxin exposure, viral infection and alcohol consumption leading to overt cirrhosis of the liver, alcohol consumption leading to cirrhosis of the liver with viral infection are the predominant risk factor for the development of HCC. HCV and alcohol are also associated with HCC in India. Indians develop diabetes at younger age, Asians have strong genetic susceptibility for type II diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is identified as a risk factor for HCC. Prevention of viral infection by universal vaccination against hepatitis virus, HCC surveillance program, preventing alcoholic liver diseases, fungal contamination of grains and ground crops to prevent basically Aflatoxin exposure are important measures to prevent liver diseases and HCC among those at risk. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2014;4:S34-S42)

show abstract

Section: Role Of Aflatoxin B Causes Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Kar

2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8 The development of cirrhosis in patients with HCV may be associated with regression of steatosis, 21 as has previously been documented in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 22,23 The mechanisms leading to a reduction in steatosis in the liver with cirrhosis remain Mihm et al 99 Yes Ratziu et al 18 Yes Fartoux et al 19 Yes Czaja et al 9 Yes Yes Yes Hourigan et al 10,11 Yes Yes Yes Adinolfi et al 12 Yes Yes Yes Yes Westin et al 13 Yes Weak Yes Yes Castera et al 14 Yes Yes Monto et al 15 Yes Yes Yes Kumar et al 100 Yes Camps et al 101 Yes (BMI) Kaserer et al 102 Yes Bressler et al 60 Yes (BMI) Rubbia-Brandt et al 28 Yes Yes Poynard et al 16 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Patton et al 17 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Nair et al 70 No* Marrero et al 103 Yes Ohata et al 74 Yes *Steatosis was a risk for HCC in alcoholic and cryptogenic cirrhosis only. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.…”

Section: Steatosis Influences the Progression Of Fibrosis In Chronic Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steatosis: Co-factor in other liver diseases

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of fatty liver is rising in association with the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the past, simple steatosis was regarded as benign, but the presence of another liver disease may provide a synergistic combination of steatosis, cellular adaptation, and oxidative damage that aggravates liver injury. In this review, a major focus is on the role of steatosis as a co-factor in chronic hepatitis C (HCV), where the mechanisms promoting fibrosis and the effect of weight reduction in minimizing liver injury have been most widely studied. Steatosis, obesity, and associated metabolic factors may also modulate the response to alcohol-and drug-induced liver disease and may be risk factors for the development of hepatocellular cancer. The pathogenesis of injury in obesity-related fatty liver disease involves a number of pathways, which are currently under investigation. Enhanced oxidative stress, increased susceptibility to apoptosis, and a dysregulated response to cellular injury have been implicated, and other components of the metabolic syndrome such as hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia are likely to have a role. Fibrosis also may be increased as a by-product of altered hepatocyte regeneration and activation of bipotential hepatic progenitor cells. In conclusion, active management of obesity and a reduction in steatosis may improve liver injury and decrease the progression of fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:5-13.)

show abstract

“…Based on this, it has been suggested that exposure to environmental toxicants like cigarette smoke or the presence of pre-existing conditions like type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and/or hyperglycemia; conditions linked to the cardiometabolic syndrome, could worsen liver disease in the chronic alcohol consumer. Importantly, epidemiologic evidence demonstrates that alcohol, tobacco smoke, and obesity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma [4]. Similarly, short-term binge alcohol exposure increases apoptosis and liver injury in obese rats compared to lean controls via increased oxidative stress [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases

Mantena

King

Andringa

et al. 2008

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

374

302

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fatty liver disease associated with chronic alcohol consumption or obesity/type 2 diabetes has emerged as a serious public health problem. Steatosis, accumulation of triglyceride in hepatocytes, is now recognized as a critical "first-hit" in the pathogenesis of liver disease. It is proposed that steatosis "primes" the liver to progress to more severe liver pathologies when individuals are exposed to subsequent metabolic and/or environmental stressors or "second-hits". Genetic risk factors can also influence the susceptibility and severity of fatty liver disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress, disrupted nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunctional are proposed to be key molecular events that accelerate or worsen steatosis and initiate progression to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. This review article will discuss the following topics regarding the pathobiology and molecular mechanisms responsible for fatty liver disease: 1) the "two-hit" or "multi-hit" hypothesis; 2) the role of mitochondrial bioenergetic defects and oxidant stress; 3) interplay between NO and mitochondria in fatty liver disease; 4) genetic risk factors and oxidative stress responsive genes; and 5) the feasibility of antioxidants for treatment.

show abstract

Alcohol, tobacco and obesity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 437 publications

References 41 publications

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India

Steatosis: Co-factor in other liver diseases

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About