Alcohol, Task Difficulty, and Incentives in Drill Press Operation

Price, Dennis L.; Flax, Robert A.

doi:10.1177/001872088202400507

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The operation of a drill press, for example, was not affected by BACs below 0.060 g/dl (Price & et al, 1982), but the ability to assemble electronic parts was impaired at 0.049 g/dl (Price et al, 1986). Note that the latter was a relatively difficult task, which required subjects to assemble transistors in specific coordinate locations on a grid board and, upon completion, to insert the unit in a check-out box and adjust a meter read-out to a specified value.…”

Section: Vigilance Tasks (Figure 3mentioning

confidence: 97%

A review of the literature on the effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills

Moskowitz¹,

Fiorentino²

2000

PsycEXTRA Dataset

204

161

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A review of the scientific literature regarding the effects of alcohol on driving-related skills was conducted. One hundred and twelve articles -from 1981 to 1997 -were reviewed. Results were indexed by BAC and behavioral area and entered into a database. Two separate analyses were conducted. The first analysis determined the lowest BAC at which impairment is reliably present in driving-related skills. The second analysis determined the thresholds of impairment for each of twelve separate behavioral areas. It was concluded that: O Alcohol impairs some driving skills beginning with any significant departure from zero BAC. By BACs of 0.05 g/dl, the majority of the experimental studies examined reported significant impairment. By 0.08 g/dl, more than 94% of the reviewed studies showed impairment in the skills they measured.O Specific performance skills are differentially affected by alcohol. Some skills are significantly impaired by BACs of .01 g/dl, while others do not show impairment until BACs of 0.06 g/dl.O Discrepancies among the reported BAC thresholds of impairment within a behavioral area reflected a lack of standardization of testing methods, instruments, and measures in the studies reviewed.O All drivers can be expected to experience impairment in some driving-related skills by 0.08 g/dl or less 17.

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Section: Vigilance Tasks (Figure 3mentioning

confidence: 97%

A review of the literature on the effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills

Moskowitz¹,

Fiorentino²

2000

PsycEXTRA Dataset

204

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…alcohol‐related performance reductions could be experimentally confirmed for BACs of 0.05% (Cherry et al . 1983), although already between 0.03% and 0.05% an impairment for eye‐hand performance has been described (Price & Flax 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLINICAL STUDY: The influence of blood alcohol concentrations of around 0.03% on neuropsychological functions—a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled investigation

Breitmeier¹,

Seeland-Schulze

Hecker

et al. 2007

Addiction Biology

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There is a general agreement that blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of about 0.05% result in impairment of the ability to drive. This fact has been supported by means of experiments. In addition, there are only a few studies to date investigating low BACs. The present study aims to investigate the extent and quality of cognitive changes in low BACs of around 0.03%. Sixteen healthy male subjects were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. During the trials the BAC was regulated to about 0.03%. As part of the study a record was made of the general level of intelligence, subjective impairments, possible depressive symptoms, general ability to perform, vigilance, divided attention, response times and performance of memory. Statistical analysis took place using the two-period crossover design. Verbal intelligence, general performance, vigilance (optical stimuli), divided attention, vigilance towards acoustic stimuli and the general response time to acoustic and visual-acoustic sequential stimuli, and memory were not impaired significantly by a BAC of around 0.03%. The total response and motor response time to optical stimuli as well as decision time about sequential optical stimuli were, however, significantly changed for BACs of around 0.03%. In conclusion, the present results show that already in BACs of around 0.03%, particular cognitive functions which rely on perception and processing of visual information, are significantly impaired. This was evident in the more complex and urgent tasks.

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“…Only stability in the maintenance of the electrode/material gap was impaired (Price & Liddle, 1982). Price and Flax (1982) also investigated the effects of two, three to four, and five to six drinks on the operation of a drill press. One drink showed no performance impairment, but the number of accurate hits decreased by 12% and 19% after three to four and five to six drinks, respectively.…”

Section: Appendix D Impairing Effects Of Alcohol On Human Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug and alcohol abuse: the bases for employee assistance programs in the nuclear-utility industry

Radford¹,

Rankin²,

Barnes³

et al. 1983

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This report describes the nature 9 prevalence. and trends of drug and alcohol abuse among members of the U.S. adult population and among personnel in non-nuclear industries. Analogous data specific to the nuclear utility industry are not available, so these data were qathered in order to provide a basis for regulatory planning. The nature, prevalence, and trend information was gathered using a computerized literature search, telephone discussions with experts, and interviews with employee assistance program representatives from the Seattle area. This report also evaluates the possible impacts that drugs and alcohol might have on nuclear-related job performance, based on currently available nuclear utility job descriptions and on the scientific literature regarding the impairing effects of drugs and alcohol on human performance. Employee assistance proqrams, which can be used to minimize or eliminate job performance decrements resulting from druq or ~lcohol abuse. are also discussed. i ; i ABSTRACT CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES FOREWORD • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14 17 21 26 38 42 43 45 46 51 54 he provided on the project and to our NRC Project Manager, pr. Thomas G.Ryan, for the comments and guidance that he provided. We also wish to thank Charleen Duitsman for this draft and the numerous earlier drafts of this report that she so professionally produced. xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe original purposes of this report were twofold: (1) to characterize and describe the nature, prevalence, and trends of drug and alcohol abuse in the nuclear utility industry, and (2) to evaluate possible impacts of drug and alcohol abuse on decrements in job performance of nuclear power plant personnel. However, only minimal data specific to the nuclear utility industry are currently available regarding the first purpose. Also, because of resource and time limitations and the sensitivity of drug and alcohol abuse issues, a direct survey of drug and alcohol abuse among nuclear utility industry personnel was not feasible. Thus, this report describes nature, prevalence, and trend issues as determined from non-nuclear industries and from the general, U.S. adult population. Without substantially more investigation, there is no way to determine whether employment practices within the nuclear utility industry would increase or decrease the prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse compared to the general population or non-nuclear industries. In order to provide a basis for regulatory planning, however, it is reasonable to assume that generally similar results would be found. Possible impacts of drug and alcohol abuse on nuclear-related job performance are identified based on currently available nuclear utility job descriptions and on the scientific literature regarding the impairing effects of drugs and alcohol on human performance.

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Alcohol, Task Difficulty, and Incentives in Drill Press Operation

Abstract: Wierwille who was extremely helpful in designing this study' s apparatus, and making sure that all appropriate ethical considerations for the use of human subjects in experiments were carried out. Greatly appreciated were Dr.

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

A review of the literature on the effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills

A review of the literature on the effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills

CLINICAL STUDY: The influence of blood alcohol concentrations of around 0.03% on neuropsychological functions—a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled investigation

Drug and alcohol abuse: the bases for employee assistance programs in the nuclear-utility industry

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