Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data.

Zador, Paul L.; Krawchuk, S A; Voas, Robert B.

doi:10.15288/jsa.2000.61.387

Cited by 362 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…8 In a telephone inquiry carried out in the United States, 21% of the interviewees answered that they drive vehicles less than two hours after consuming alcohol. 15 The age group from 18 to 25 years showed higher PR compared to the population aged more than 45 years. The younger group is considered a risk group due to their Note: Differences in the absolute values of the frequencies correspond to individuals with no information or "does not apply" (if they answer "no" in the previous question they do not answer the following one).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…7 Besides, the relative risk of involvement in fatal TA rises proportionally to the increase in blood alcohol content, for all groups divided by sex and age. 15 Thus, drivers with blood alcohol content above 0.1% put themselves and the other users of public roads in high risk of TA. 15 The prevalence of reported consumption of any amount of alcohol in the total Brazilian population is 68.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Thus, drivers with blood alcohol content above 0.1% put themselves and the other users of public roads in high risk of TA. 15 The prevalence of reported consumption of any amount of alcohol in the total Brazilian population is 68.7%. The prevalence of alcohol dependence is higher in the North region, where it exceeds 16%, in contrast with the South Region, with 9.2%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalência de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos em Rio Branco, Acre

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of self-reported traffi c accidents and identify associated factors. METHODS:Cross-sectional, population-based study carried out from September 2007 to August 2008, in the urban and rural zones of Rio Branco (Northern Brazil). Data referring to adults (aged 18 to 96 years, n = 1,516) of the inquiry Health and Nutrition of Adults and Children of Rio Branco, obtained in home interviews, were analyzed. The relations between self-reported traffi c accident and socioeconomic and behavior variables were analyzed by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confi dence intervals; Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS:The prevalence of self-reported traffi c accident was 36%. In the Poisson analysis, male individuals (PR= 1.45 and 95% CI: 1.12;1.87) who reported alcohol consumption (PR= 1.25 and 95%CI: 0.97;1.62), with income above fi ve minimum wages (PR= 1.88 and 95%CI: 1.25;2.83), aged between 18 and 25 years (PR= 1.45 and 95%CI: 1.02;2.05), presented higher probability of reporting involvement in traffi c accidents. The variables age and level of schooling had inverse association with the outcome, while income had a positive association, all of them with signifi cant tendency. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of self-reported traffi c accidents shows higher risk for men with higher income, lower level of schooling and who ingest alcoholic beverages. They should be the target of prevention campaigns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalência de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos em Rio Branco, Acre

et al. 2011

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“…For example, prior research has established the adverse impact of alcohol on driving performance (Blomberg et al, 2009;Borkenstein et al, 1974;Voas et al, 2012;Zador et al, 2000), and multiple-substance users are more likely than non-multiple-substance users to consume alcohol (Stinson et al, 2005). However, the propensity of researchers to lump all multiple-substance users together may inadvertently indicate that all multiple-substance users are equally dangerous and likely to consume alcohol regardless of the combination of substances.…”

Section: Marijuana and Other Substance Use Among Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana and Other Substance Use Among Motor Vehicle Operators: A Latent Class Analysis

Scherer

Harrell

Romano

2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:The deleterious effect of multiple-substance use on driving performance is well established, but relatively little research has examined the patterns of drug use among multiple-substance users and its relationship to both alcohol use and adverse driving outcomes. Method: The current study used latent class analysis to examine subgroups of substance users among a population of drivers who screened positively for 2 or more of 13 substances other than alcohol (N = 250). A series of logistic regression analyses was conducted to examine demographic predictors of latent class assignment and class association with adverse driving outcomes. Results: Four distinct subclasses of users were identified among multiple-substance-using drivers: Class 1 consisted of individuals who demonstrated high levels of all substances indicators (5%). The second class demonstrated high levels of marijuana and cocaine use and lower levels of all other substances (27%). The third class screened high for marijuana and nonmedical prescription opiate analgesics use (36%), whereas the last class demonstrated high nonmedical prescription opiate analgesics and benzodiazepine use (32%). Drivers in Class 2 (marijuana and cocaine users) were more likely to be younger and have a positive breath alcohol concentration than drivers in any other class. Conclusions: Because multidrug users show dissimilar characteristics, the propensity of researchers to lump all multiple-substance users together may either erroneously attribute the potentially profound impact of those in the marijuana and cocaine use class to all multiple-substance users or dilute their specific contribution to crash risk. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 916-923, 2015)

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“…This does not mean that a crash would not have occurred but only that the likelihood of a crash would have been much less. Compared to a driver with a zero BAC, the relative risk of a fatal crash rises rapidly as the driver's BAC rises (see for example Zador et al, 2000). Using these relative risks, about 85 percent of fatal crashes in 2004 involving drivers with a positive BAC would not have occurred if all drivers had a BAC of zero (MADD, 2006a, Lund).…”

Section: Potential Benefits Of Expanded Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing impaired-driving recidivism using advanced vehicle-based alcohol detection systems: Report to Congress

Compton¹,

Hedlund²

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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A Report to Congress N a t i o n a l H i g h w a y T r a f f i c S a f e t y A d m i n i s t r a t i o n U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n December 2007Technical Report Documentation Page Vehicle-based alcohol detection systems use technologies designed to detect the presence of alcohol in a driver. Technology suitable for use in all vehicles that will detect an impaired driver faces many challenges including public acceptability, passive operation (not requiring the active cooperation of the driver), invulnerability to circumvention and tampering, the ability to verify that the test was performed on the driver, and the capability to perform accurately and reliably throughout the life of the vehicle without excessive requirements for maintenance.Several alcohol detection technologies were reviewed in the report: Breath sample analysis, tissue spectroscopy, transdermal perspiration measurement, eye movements, detecting alcohol vapor in the vehicle, driver and driving performance measurement. Technology for use with impaired-driving offenders (i.e., breath alcohol ignition interlock systems) is currently in use, and is practical, accurate, reliable, and relatively lowcost. The report offers suggestions for potential next steps including increasing the use of breath alcohol ignition interlocks among DWI offenders and continuing research and development on tissue spectroscopy and other transparent and non-invasive methods of measuring alcohol in drivers. Key WordsVehicle-based alcohol detection systems, alcohol ignition interlocks, DWI offenders, transdermal measurement, alcohol detection, tissue spectroscopy. Distribution Statement System DescriptionVehicle-based alcohol detection systems use various forms of technology designed to detect the presence of alcohol in a driver. Some systems are designed to measure the amount of alcohol present in the driver (typically referred to as the driver's blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, though most systems currently in use measure breath alcohol concentration or BrAC). For simplicity, the term BAC will be used in this report to refer to both blood alcohol concentration and breath alcohol concentration, even though they are not the same thing. Some of these systems are designed to prevent the vehicle from starting if the driver's BAC exceeds a predetermined level. Some systems operate while the vehicle is in motion and can take various actions if alcohol is detected. Technology Designed for All Vehicles versus Use With Special PopulationsTechnology suitable for use in all vehicles that will detect an impaired driver faces many difficult challenges including public acceptability, passive operation (not requiring the active cooperation of the driver), invulnerability to circumvention and tampering, the ability to verify that the test was performed on the driver, and the capability to perform accurately and reliably throughout the life of the vehicle without excessive requirements for maintenance. Technology designed for use with special populations...

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Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: an update using 1996 data.

Cited by 362 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalência de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos em Rio Branco, Acre

Prevalência de acidentes de trânsito auto-referidos em Rio Branco, Acre

Marijuana and Other Substance Use Among Motor Vehicle Operators: A Latent Class Analysis

Reducing impaired-driving recidivism using advanced vehicle-based alcohol detection systems: Report to Congress

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