Alcohol-related motivational tendencies in hazardous drinkers: assessing implicit response tendencies using the modified-IAT

Palfai, Tibor P.; Ostafin, Brian D.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00018-4

Cited by 266 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Light drinkers, on the other hand, did not show such an effect. Similar findings were reported by several other researchers (e.g., Palfai and Ostafin, 2003;Ostafin and Palfai, 2006;Wiers et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Second, whereas explicit measures of alcohol problems failed to predict relapse, logistic regression analyses revealed a clear relationship between relapse and R-SRC performance: Relapse rates increased rather than decreased as alcohol patients were faster to avoid alcohol-related pictures compared to alcohol-unrelated pictures. Both observations are at odds with prior work showing that alcohol-related stimuli elicit approach tendencies rather than avoid tendencies (e.g., Palfai and Ostafin, 2003;Ostafin and Palfai, 2006;Wiers et al, 2009Wiers et al, , 2010. They are also at odds with the more general assumption that addiction is mediated or maintained by automatic approach tendencies towards alcohol (e.g., Deutsch and Strack, 2006;Robinson and Berridge, 1993;Stacy and Wiers, 2010;Tiffany, 1990;Wiers and Stacy, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…It has also been demonstrated that substance-related stimuli can activate valence and arousal associations from memory in an automatic fashion (e.g., Houben et al, 2010;Wiers et al, 2002). Finally, there is also evidence showing that substance-related stimuli can trigger automatic approach/avoidance tendencies (e.g., Palfai and Ostafin, 2003;Ostafin and Palfai, 2006;Wiers et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the predictive validity of automatically activated approach/avoidance tendencies in abstaining alcohol-dependent patients

Spruyt

Houwer

Tibboel

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the predictive validity of automatically activated approach/avoidance tendencies in abstaining alcohol-dependent patients

Spruyt

Houwer

Tibboel

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…In studies that use positive and negative as two concepts (as above), the IAT effect is assumed to capture an implicit attitude, which has been characterized as the automatic associations people have between an object and evaluation (good or bad) (Rudman, 2004). The IAT has been used to investigate associative memory in psychopathology (Gemar et al, 2001;Teachman et al, 2001;Teachman and Woody, 2003), including the addictions (e.g., Palfai and Ostafin, 2003;Wiers et al, 2002;Jajodia and Earleywine, 2003). There is substantial evidence for the reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the IAT (Cunningham et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit attitudes to smoking are associated with craving and dependence

Waters

Carter

Robinson

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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The Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been used to assess automatic affective responses to drug cues. Smokers (N = 57) completed the IAT at four experimental sessions. They abstained from smoking before two of the sessions (AB), and smoked normally before the other two sessions (NON). At one AB (and NON) session, they smoked a cigarette about 40 minutes before completing the IAT (S), and at the other they did not smoke (NS). Overall, participants exhibited a negative IAT effect, indicating that they found the classification task easier when smoking was paired with bad than when smoking was paired with good. Using repeated measures ANOVA, the IAT effect was made less negative by pre-session Abstinence, and made more negative by Smoking. It was most negative in the NON-S condition. Using Generalized Estimating Equations analyses, the IAT effect was positively associated with pre-task craving ratings assessed on the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief, but was not associated with a physiological measure of automatic affective responses (startles while viewing smoking vs. neutral pictures). The IAT effect was associated with scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. In sum, automatic affective responses assessed with the smoking IAT are associated with measures of smoking motivation and dependence.

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“…One study found that exposure to alcohol advertising led to increases in positive implicit alcohol‐related attitudes, yet only in heavier drinkers (Brown et al ., 2016). Implicit biases in the way drinkers associate alcohol with approach versus avoidance and attend to alcohol cues are associated with consumption (Cox, Fadardi, & Pothos, 2006; Palfai & Ostafin, 2003). Whether alcohol‐advertising exposure influences these cognitive biases remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of alcohol‐promoting and alcohol‐warning advertisements on alcohol consumption, affect, and implicit cognition in heavy‐drinking young adults: A laboratory‐based randomized controlled trial

Stautz

Frings

Albery

et al. 2016

British J Health Psychol

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ObjectivesThere is sparse evidence regarding the effect of alcohol‐advertising exposure on alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers. This study aimed to assess the immediate effects of alcohol‐promoting and alcohol‐warning video advertising on objective alcohol consumption in heavy‐drinking young adults, and to examine underlying processes.DesignBetween‐participants randomized controlled trial with three conditions.MethodsTwo hundred and four young adults (aged 18–25) who self‐reported as heavy drinkers were randomized to view one of three sets of 10 video advertisements that included either (1) alcohol‐promoting, (2) alcohol‐warning, or (3) non‐alcohol advertisements. The primary outcome was the proportion of alcoholic beverages consumed in a sham taste test. Affective responses to advertisements, implicit alcohol approach bias, and alcohol attentional bias were assessed as secondary outcomes and possible mediators. Typical alcohol consumption, Internet use, and television use were measured as covariates.ResultsThere was no main effect of condition on alcohol consumption. Participants exposed to alcohol‐promoting advertisements showed increased positive affect and an increased approach/reduced avoidance bias towards alcohol relative to those exposed to non‐alcohol advertisements. There was an indirect effect of exposure to alcohol‐warning advertisements on reduced alcohol consumption via negative affect experienced in response to these advertisements.ConclusionsRestricting alcohol‐promoting advertising could remove a potential influence on positive alcohol‐related emotions and cognitions among heavy‐drinking young adults. Producing alcohol‐warning advertising that generates negative emotion may be an effective strategy to reduce alcohol consumption. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Exposure to alcohol advertising has immediate and distal effects on alcohol consumption.There is some evidence that effects may be larger in heavy drinkers.Alcohol‐warning advertising has been found to have mixed effects on alcohol‐related cognitions. What does this study add? Among heavy‐drinking young adults: Alcohol advertising does not appear to have an immediate impact on alcohol consumption.Alcohol advertising generates positive affect and increases alcohol approach bias.Alcohol‐warning advertising that generates displeasure reduces alcohol consumption.

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Alcohol-related motivational tendencies in hazardous drinkers: assessing implicit response tendencies using the modified-IAT

Cited by 266 publications

References 55 publications

On the predictive validity of automatically activated approach/avoidance tendencies in abstaining alcohol-dependent patients

On the predictive validity of automatically activated approach/avoidance tendencies in abstaining alcohol-dependent patients

Implicit attitudes to smoking are associated with craving and dependence

Impact of alcohol‐promoting and alcohol‐warning advertisements on alcohol consumption, affect, and implicit cognition in heavy‐drinking young adults: A laboratory‐based randomized controlled trial

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