Alcohol-Related Knowledge and Alcohol-Related Norms in 4- to 6-Year-Olds-Evidence from the Dutch Electronic Appropriate Beverage Task

Voogt, Carmen; Otten, Roy; Kleinjan, Marloes; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.; Kuntsche, Emmanuel

doi:10.1111/acer.13452

Cited by 14 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To participate in the study, parents were asked to provide active consent either via a secured website (http://www.vol-onderzoek.nl) or on paper. Details about the fieldwork are described in Voogt and colleagues ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Smit

Otten

Kleinjan

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: Alcohol expectancies (AE), that is, the anticipated effects of alcohol, start developing early in childhood and are important predictors of alcohol use years later. Whereas previous research has demonstrated that parental drinking relates to children's AE, this study aims to test whether exposure to parental alcohol use mediates the link between parental alcohol use and positive and negative AE among children (6 to 8 years) and early adolescents (12 to 15 years).Methods: Longitudinal multi-informant family studies were conducted in the Netherlands among children (Study 1 (2015 to 2017): N = 329; 48.9% boys; M age = 4.6) and adolescents (Study 2 [2015(Study 2 [ to 2018: N = 755; 45.6% boys; M age = 11.3). Fathers' and mothers' alcohol use in terms of quantity and exposure (i.e., the frequency of alcohol use in 9 family-specific situations), and offspring's AE were collected using online questionnaires.Results: Structural equation modeling conducted in the full sample and separately by gender revealed the following: For children, no associations were found in the full sample. However, genderspecific results indicated that fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) favorable AE. Among adolescents, fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) social and coping AE (both boys and girls) and enhancement AE (only boys). Contrastingly, neither mothers' alcohol use nor its exposure was associated with any AE. Although different associations were found by offspring's gender, strong evidence for gender differences was lacking.Conclusions: This study indicates that, for specific expectancies, exposure to fathers' alcohol use shapes offspring's cognitions about the effects of alcohol, rather than fathers' alcohol use in general. Prevention efforts could focus on lowering the degree to which fathers expose their drinking, which might be more easily changeable than drinking in general.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, participating families were entered into a drawing for €100 (approximately $110). The Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Radboud University (ECSW2014‐2411‐272) approved this study's procedures, as described in Voogt and colleagues ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Smit

Otten

Kleinjan

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Following the idea that knowledge, including social norms, are established well before consumption is first initiated, it has previously been demonstrated that an understanding of situational norms becomes first evident among considerably younger children. Children as young as four have been shown to be aware that alcohol consumption is more common at a party as opposed to when driving a car, that men drink more than women and that men drink beer [12]. In the Netherlands, Voogt et al [7] found that children attributed more alcoholic beverages to adults shown in common drinking situations (i.e.…”

Section: Person-specific and Situation-specific Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, there have been calls for more research to examine other dimensions of children's beverage-specific knowledge [14]. Using the Dutch electronic Appropriate Beverage Task (eABT) [12], this paper aims to explore Dutch children's knowledge of beverage-specific situational norms. Specifically, we investigate what alcoholic beverages (i.e.…”

Section: Beverage-specific Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Beverage‐specific situational norms: Evidence from the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage task

Cook

Kuntsche

Smit

et al. 2020

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims. By the time young adolescents initiate alcohol consumption they have firmly established attitudes, expectations and beliefs about alcohol and its effects. To further unravel the origins of this knowledge in childhood, we aim to address Dutch children's knowledge of the types of alcoholic beverages adults typically consume in certain situational contexts (i.e. their knowledge of beverage-specific situational norms). Design and Methods. A total of 329 children (4-8 years old) completed the Dutch electronic Appropriate Beverage Task at three-time points (2015, 2016, 2017). Three-level regression models were estimated examining whether children's beverage-specific situational norms depend on the gender of the person displayed in the task, sex of the participant and whether there were any beverage-specific changes over time. Results. Beveragespecific findings seem to be robust across the appropriateness of the situation. Beer was the most frequently attributed alcoholic beverage overall and across the common drinking situations. White wine was attributed significantly more to females in the task. Beer, red wine and champagne were attributed significantly more to males. Attributions of individual alcoholic beverages did not change significantly over time. There were no significant differences between the participating boys and girls. Discussion and Conclusions. Results suggest that 4-8-year olds are yet to form knowledge of beverage-specific situational norms. Independent of the situation, time and participants' sex, the gender of the person displayed in the task seemed to be more salient to children than situational or environmental indicators in determining consumption.

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“…According to the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, approximately 47% of 15-16-year-old students had consumed alcohol and 8% had been drunk by the age of 13 (2). Exposure to alcohol starts from early on; children as young as 2-6 years old become aware of alcohol and related norms (3,4). Additionally, positive and/or negative explicit expectancies towards alcohol use have been shown to develop from the age of four (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between parental attitudes and children's alcohol use: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

2019

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AimsThe main aim was to assess the relationship between parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use and their child's alcohol use. Secondary aims included assessing the relationship between attitudes reported by parents and those perceived by children, and between perceived parental attitudes and children's alcohol use. Methods Meta-analysis of studies reporting on the associations between parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use and children's self-reported alcohol use. Published, peerreviewed cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were identified from the following databases up to April 2018: Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. Quality assessment was done by using guidelines developed by Hayden, Cote and Bombardier. Pooled effect sizes were calculated by using random-effects meta-analyses, if there were at least two studies that could be included per analysis. Out of 7,479 articles screened, 29 were included comprising data from 16,477 children and 15,229 parents. ResultsLess restrictive parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use were related to higher rates of alcohol use initiation (odds ratio (OR)=1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.80), alcohol use frequency (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.86) and drunkenness (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.35-1.85) among children. Less perceived restrictive parental attitudes were related to higher alcohol use frequency (OR=1.76 (95% CI 1.29-2.40). Perceived parental attitudes were not clearly related to alcohol use initiation. Parent-reported attitudes and perceived parental attitudes were weakly positively correlated (r=0.27, p=≤0.001). The strength of the relationship between parental attitudes and children's alcohol use frequency attenuated with children's age. Study design, sample size, study location and levels of alcohol use frequency did not have a detectable effect on the relationship. ConclusionsLess restrictive parental attitudes towards children's alcohol use are associated with increases in children's alcohol use onset, alcohol use frequency and drunkenness. Children's perception of less restrictive parental attitudes is associated with children's alcohol use.

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Alcohol-Related Knowledge and Alcohol-Related Norms in 4- to 6-Year-Olds-Evidence from the Dutch Electronic Appropriate Beverage Task

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Beverage‐specific situational norms: Evidence from the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage task

The relationship between parental attitudes and children's alcohol use: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

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