Alcohol poisoning is a main determinant of recent mortality trends in Russia: evidence from a detailed analysis of mortality statistics and autopsies

Заридзе, Давид; Maximovitch, Dimitri; Лазарев, А. Ф.; Igitov, Vladimir; Boroda, Alexander; Boreham, Jillian; Boyle, Peter; Pető, Richárd; Boffetta, Paolo

doi:10.1093/ije/dyn160

Cited by 133 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar findings were reported in a more recent population-based study which assessed daily variations in ambulance calls for CVD in Arkhangelsk in 2000-2008 [18]. There was a significant daily variation in calls for CVD in men and women aged 18-59, with increased numbers of calls on weekends and Mondays.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Cardiovascular diagnoses were even more strongly associated with alcohol in women: acute myocardial infarction (RR=2.04;CI:1.59-2.61), acute ischemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (RR=9.29;CI:7.97-10.74), chronic ischemic heart disease (RR=2.58;CI:2.09-3.18) and stroke (RR=1.62;CI:1.37-1.93). It was also reported that acute ischemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction includes same misclassified deaths that were actually from alcohol poisoning and was the largest single contributor to the alcohol-associated excess mortality [12].A prospective cohort study of 1966 men and 1738 women performed in Arkhangelsk in 1999-2000 reported a significant dose-response association between hazardous alcohol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular death in women [13]. Women reporting a consumption of 80g alcohol or more at least monthly and a consumption of 5 alcohol units or more on one drinking episode had higher risk of cardiovascular death than abstainers (RR was 5.06;CI:1.54-16.7 and 3.21:CI:1.07-9.58, respectively).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent large retrospective study in three typical Russian cities (Barnaul, Byisk and Tomsk) based on proxy information on alcohol consumption from families of 48 557 adults who had died in 1990-2001 had found strong dose-response association between alcohol consumption and CVD mortality [12]. Several CVD codes were strongly associated with heavy drinking (3 or more bottles of vodka per week) in men: acute ischemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (RR=3.04;CI:2.73-3.39) and chronic ischemic heart disease (RR=1.49;CI:1.33-1.68).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Alcohol and cardiovascular mortality crisis in Russia

Ye¹

2016

J Integr Cardiol

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in Europe and despite recent decreases in mortality rates in many countries, it is still accounting for over 4.35 million deaths each year [1]. The burden of CVD in Europe varies dramatically between countries. Russia has one of the highest CVD morbidity and mortality rates, accounting for 57% of all deaths in the country [2]. In Russia, premature CVD mortality was estimated to cost 24,400.4 million Euros in 2009 [3]. The main diseases that define a high level of mortality from CVD are coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases, which are responsible for 49.3 percent and 35.3 percent of deaths, respectively [4]. A distinctive feature of CVD mortality in Russia is that the high rates occur in working age population, especially in males [5].High mortality from CVD in Russia and its profound fluctuations over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. It was repeatedly emphasized that phenomenon of high CVD mortality in Russia is only partially associated with the traditional CVD risk factors identified in epidemiologic studies [2,6]. It was suggested that alcohol provides the most plausible explanation for both the high rate and the dramatic fluctuation in Russian CHD mortality rate during the last decades. Some experts have underlined the importance of binge drinking as the main reason for the CVD mortality crisis in Russia [7][8][9]. There is direct individual-level evidence linking excessive drinking and CVD in Russia. A case-control study of men aged 20-55 years in the major cities of the Udmurd Republic in 1998-1999 found that history of heavy drinking in the past few years is strongly associated with risk of death from CVD (OR=2.42;CI:2.35-7.55) [10]. These findings provided first individual-level evidence in support of the hypothesis that binge drinking is key to explaining the heavy burden of CVD mortality in Russia.Another prospective cohort study of 6502 men aged 25-64 years in Novosibirsk showed that frequent heavy drinking, defined as drinking at least three times a week in a dose greater than 120 g of ethanol per occasion, is significantly associated with incidence of cardiovascular mortality compared with moderate drinking (RR=2,05: 1,69-3,86) [11]. A more recent large retrospective study in three typical Russian cities (Barnaul, Byisk and Tomsk) based on proxy information on alcohol consumption from families of 48 557 adults who had died in 1990-2001 had found strong dose-response association between alcohol consumption and CVD mortality [12]. Several CVD codes were strongly associated with heavy drinking (3 or more bottles of vodka per week) in men: acute ischemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (RR=3.04;CI:2.73-3.39) and chronic ischemic heart disease (RR=1.49;CI:1.33-1.68). Cardiovascular diagnoses were even more strongly associated with alcohol in women: acute myocardial infarction (RR=2.04;CI:1.59-2.61), acute ischemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (RR=9.29;CI:7.97-10.74), ...

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supporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol and cardiovascular mortality crisis in Russia

Ye¹

2016

J Integr Cardiol

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“…An analysis of nearly 25,000 autopsies conducted in Barnaul (Siberia) between 1990-2004 indicated that 21 per cent of all autopsied adult male deaths attributed to circulatory diseases had lethal or near-lethal levels of ethanol concentration in the blood (Zaridze et al 2009a). A further study of 48,000 deaths in three Siberian cities led the authors to conclude that alcohol consumption may be responsible for more than half of all adult male deaths in Russia from 1990 to 2001, and one-third of adult female deaths (Zaridze et al 2009b).…”

Section: Did Russians Drink Themselves To Death?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demographic Transformation of Post-Socialist Countries

Brainerd¹

Economies in Transition

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThe formerly socialist countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have experienced a remarkable demographic transformation in the past twenty years. On many dimensions of fertility and family formation, much of the region now looks like Western Europe-below-replacement fertility rates, rising age at first marriage and first birth, and high and increasing out-of-wedlock birthrates, characterize many countries formerly distinguished by replacement-level fertility and early, near-universal marriage and childbearing. The other facet of this demographic transformation is nearly unprecedented changes in adult mortality rates. An upsurge of cardiovascular and external cause mortality caused a massive premature loss of life among working-age men in the former Soviet Union in the 1990s. In contrast, cardiovascular mortality has fallen at a rapid rate across Eastern Europe since 1989. This study discusses the dimensions and most likely causes of these demographic changes and assesses the possible consequences of the changing fertility and mortality patterns. Much remains unknown about the underlying reasons for the demographic transformation of the region; directions for future research in this area are discussed.

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