Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine consumption on a public U.S. university campus determined by wastewater-based epidemiology

Driver, Erin M.; Gushgari, Adam J.; Chen, Jing; Halden, Rolf U.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138492

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…On the other hand, both CAF and PARA, the major metabolite of caffeine, exhibited good, consistent high recovery rates and high stability in the wastewater as compared to pMMPoV (Table 5). The average recovery rates of CAF and PARA in our study were 101% and 92% with standard deviation of ±7% and ±3%, respectively, similar to 73% to 109% for CAF and its metabolites reported by Driver et al [24]. Both CAF and PARA were found to be relatively stable in the sewer system [48].…”

Section: Discussion 41 Population Biomarker Selectionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…wastewater (with half-life from 6-10 days) from the populated area, the pMMoV was recognized as one of the promising population biomarkers [18,19]. In addition to the viral or bacterial genetic markers, small chemical molecules biomarkers were also utilized to estimate the population at the area served by given WWTP [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Several chemical markers, such as creatinine (CRE), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), caffeine (CAF), and its metabolite paraxanthine (PARA) have been reported as promising candidates [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers Selection for Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-based Epidemiology

Hsu

Bayati

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been one of the most cost-effective approaches to track the SARS-CoV-2 levels in the communities since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 concentrations by the population biomarkers in wastewater can be critical for interpreting the viral loads, comparing the epidemiological trends among the sewersheds, and identifying the vulnerable communities. In this study, five population biomarkers, pepper mild mottle virus (pMMoV), creatinine (CRE), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), caffeine (CAF) and its metabolite paraxanthine (PARA) were investigated for their utility in normalizing the SARS-CoV-2 loads through developed direct and indirect approaches. Their utility in assessing the real-time population contributing to the wastewater was also evaluated. The best performed candidate was further tested for its capacity for improving correlation between normalized SARS-CoV-2 loads and the clinical cases reported in the City of Columbia, Missouri, a university town with a constantly fluctuated population. Our results showed that, except CRE, the direct and indirect normalization approaches using biomarkers allow accounting for the changes in wastewater dilution and differences in relative human waste input over time regardless flow volume and population at any given WWTP. Among selected biomarkers, PARA is the most reliable population biomarker in determining the SARS-CoV-2 load per capita due to its high accuracy, low variability, and high temporal consistency to reflect the change in population dynamics and dilution in wastewater. It also demonstrated its excellent utility for real-time assessment of the population contributing to the wastewater. In addition, the viral loads normalized by the PARA-estimated population significantly improved the correlation (rho=0.5878, p<0.05) between SARS-CoV-2 load per capita and case numbers per capita. This chemical biomarker offers an excellent alternative to the currently CDC-recommended pMMoV genetic biomarker to help us understand the size, distribution, and dynamics of local populations for forecasting the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 within each sewershed.

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Section: Discussion 41 Population Biomarker Selectionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers Selection for Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-based Epidemiology

Hsu

Bayati

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We estimate that WBE today could reach some 2.1 billion people around the world whose household is connected to one of the approximately 105,600 wastewater treatment plants operated globally. Halden et al 2015;Venkatesan and Halden, 2014) was created over the course of a dozen years primarily with discretionary funds from philanthropists and support from partnering municipalities (Gushgari et al 2018(Gushgari et al , 2019Chen et al 2019;Driver et al, 2020). Among the latter, the city of Tempe, AZ stands out as an innovator in WBE data communication, by immediately releasing obtained wastewater data on locally consumed licit and illicit opioids via an online dashboard to inform the public, emergency response teams, and policy makers (ASU-Tempe, 2020).…”

Section: Seasonal Change In the Focus Of Wbe Observations -City Of Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges

Hart

Halden

2020

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

495

520

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Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 2 Abstract:With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE.Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US$), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/overestimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods.

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“…Concentrations of cotinine, the tobacco bioamarker, ranged from 0.72 to 5.43 μg L À1 . Although we did not monitor hydroxycotinine (OH-Cot), another biomarker for tobacco use, previous studies have demonstrated that estimated tobacco consumption using cotinine data are equally good as the estimates using OH-Cot [22][23][24]. Concentrations of morphine were much lower, ranging from 1.7 to 76.4 ng L À1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Estimating population‐level of alcohol, tobacco and morphine use in a small Russian region using wastewater‐based epidemiology

Rozhanets

Thai

Silantyev

et al. 2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction. Alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use combined are the largest modifiable health risk factors. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a complementary approach for monitoring substance use in the population. In this study we applied WBE technique to a community in the Moscow region to estimate population-level consumption of alcohol, tobacco and morphine. Methods. Wastewater sampling was carried out over 47 days, in 2018 and 2019, including the New Year period. Analysis of the samples for consumption biomarkers (ethyl sulphate, cotinine and morphine) were undertaken using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Daily consumption estimates were then compared with sales/production/prescription data and between different days of the week using Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Alcohol consumption was significantly higher on Sundays and during the New Year and Russian Christmas period compared to weekdays and Saturdays. Tobacco consumption estimates were largely consistent throughout the week. Morphine was detected by WBE during the monitoring period but was inconsistent with prescription record data. Discussion and Conclusions. This study provides evidence for the feasibility of conducting WBE in Russia. Estimates of alcohol consumption derived from WBE were higher than average alcohol sales data for the country. The estimated consumption of nicotine is generally consistent with the production data, with estimates higher than in most other countries. Our results also suggest potential illegal use of opioids (morphine-based) in the population. Given the considerable health and economic costs of substance use in Russia, more extensive WBE testing is recommended to inform and evaluate public health policies.

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Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine consumption on a public U.S. university campus determined by wastewater-based epidemiology

Cited by 49 publications

References 61 publications

Biomarkers Selection for Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-based Epidemiology

Biomarkers Selection for Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-based Epidemiology

Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges

Estimating population‐level of alcohol, tobacco and morphine use in a small Russian region using wastewater‐based epidemiology

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