Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Use as an Event‐Level Predictor of Physical and Verbal Aggression in Bar Conflicts

Miller, Kathleen E.; Quigley, Brian M.; Eliseo-Arras, Rebecca K.; Ball, Natalie J.

doi:10.1111/acer.12921

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Supporting previous research [23,40,[50][51][52], energy drink consumption was associated with both verbal and physical aggression incidents. The mechanism via which energy drink consumption is correlated with aggression is not discernible from the current findings, but previous studies have offered potential explanations.…”

Section: Energy Drinkssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks has been associated with harmful behaviours [19], including drink-driving [20], heavy drinking, involvement in sexual assault and being hurt or injured [21]. Consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks is also associated with aggressive behaviour [22], and to increased likelihood of involvement in bar room aggression after controlling for demographic, venue, personality factors and substance use behaviours [23]. Similarly, in studies of two Australian [27] and nine European cities [28], NEP patron use of illicit drugs has been associated with past involvement in an aggressive incident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates of verbal and physical aggression among patrons of licensed venues in Australia

Hyder

Coomber

Pennay

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims. The current study aimed to examine the association between patron demographics and substance use, and experiences of verbal and physical aggressive incidents within the last 3 months among patrons of night-time entertainment precincts (NEP) in Australia. Design and Methods. Patron interviews (n = 4216) were conducted around licensed venues in the NEPs of five Australian cities. Seven correlates of verbal and physical aggressive incidents were examined: gender, age, occupation, blood alcohol concentration, pre-drinking, energy drink use and illicit drug use in the current session. Results. A total of 7.5% and 8.2% of respondents reported involvement in a verbally and physically aggressive incident in the past 3 months, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated men and people <25 years old were significantly more likely to report both verbal and physical aggressive incidents. A significant occupation effect showed lower levels of both verbal and physical aggression in managers/professionals compared with non-office workers. The likelihood of being involved in a verbally aggressive incident significantly increased with energy drink consumption, while the likelihood of being involved in a physically aggressive incident significantly increased with blood alcohol concentration, energy drink consumption and illicit drug use. Discussion and Conclusions. This study highlights the different correlates of verbal and physical aggression within NEPs, suggesting they should be viewed as distinct types of violence, rather than points on a continuum. Major modifiable correlates with verbal and physical aggression included intoxication, energy drink consumption, and illicit drug use, suggesting the need for further interventions and policy development to address these key issues.

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Section: Energy Drinkssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of verbal and physical aggression among patrons of licensed venues in Australia

Hyder

Coomber

Pennay

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Significant associations were also found between AMED consumption and increased risk of casual sex (Miller, ), intoxicated sex (Miller, ; Snipes & Benotsch, ), unprotected sex (Berger et al, ; Snipes & Benotsch, ), sex under the influence of drugs (Bonar et al, ; Snipes & Benotsch, ), having an increased number of sexual partners (Flotta et al, ; Snipes & Benotsch, ), and sexual victimization in men, but not in women (Snipes et al, ). Also, significant associations were found between AMED consumption and being more likely to experience negative alcohol‐related consequences (Berger et al, ; Brache & Stockwell, ; De Haan et al, ; O'Brien et al, ), increased risk taking (Berger et al, ; Brache & Stockwell, ; Peacock, Droste, Pennay, Lubman et al, ; Woolsey et al, ), being involved in verbal and physical aggression (Miller, Quigley, Elisio‐Arras, & Ball, ), experiencing negative behavioral outcomes such as fighting (Holubcikova et al, ), and nonviolent alcohol‐related injury (Coomber et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta‐analysis

Verster

Benson

Johnson

et al. 2018

Human Psychopharmacology

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The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to critically review the (1) prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) consumption, (2) motives for AMED consumption, (3) correlates of AMED consumption, and (4) whether AMED consumption has an impact on (a) alcohol consumption, (b) subjective intoxication, and (c) risk‐taking behavior.Overall a minority of the population consumes AMED, typically infrequently. Motives for AMED consumption are predominantly hedonistic and social. Meta‐analyses revealed that AMED consumers drink significantly more alcohol than alcohol‐only (AO) consumers. Within‐subject comparisons restricted to AMED consumers revealed that alcohol consumption does not significantly differ between typical AMED and AO occasions. On past month heaviest drinking occasions, AMED users consume significantly less alcohol on AMED occasions when compared to AO occasions. AMED consumers experience significantly fewer negative consequences and risk‐taking behavior on AMED occasions compared with AO occasions. Meta‐analyses of subjective intoxication studies suggest that AMED consumption does not differentially affect subjective intoxication when compared to AO consumption. In conclusion, when compared to AO consumption, mixing alcohol with energy drink does not affect subjective intoxication and seems unlikely to increase total alcohol consumption, associated risk‐taking behavior, nor other negative alcohol‐related consequences. Further research may be necessary to fully reveal the effects of AMED.

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“…Moreover, mixing EDs with alcohol leads to more aggressive behaviour among adolescents than drinking alcohol alone [44]. Another problem stems from the fact that ED mixed with alcohol masks the effect of ethanol in 55.7% of consumers and encourages young people to drink alcohol more frequently [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Consumption of Energy Drinks by a Group of Adolescent Athletes

Nowak

Jasionowski

2016

IJERPH

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Background: Energy drinks (EDs) have become widely popular among young adults and, even more so, among adolescents. Increasingly, they are consumed by athletes, particularly those who have just begun their sporting career. Uncontrolled and high consumption of EDs, in addition to other sources of caffeine, may pose a threat to the health of young people. Hence, our objective was to analyze the consumption of EDs among teenagers engaged in sports, including quantity consumed, identification of factors influencing consumption, and risks associated with EDs and EDs mixed with alcohol (AmEDs). Methods: The study involved a specially designed questionnaire, which was completed by 707 students, 14.3 years of age on average, attending secondary sports schools. Results: EDs were consumed by 69% of the young athletes, 17% of whom drank EDs quite often: every day or 1–3 times a week. Most respondents felt no effects after drinking EDs, but some reported symptoms, including insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia, nervousness and irritability. The major determinant of the choice of EDs was taste (47%), followed by price (21%). One in ten respondents admitted to consumption of AmEDs. Among the consequences reported were: abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting, amnesia, headache, and hangover. Conclusions: EDs consumption among adolescent athletes was relatively high. Considering the habit of AmEDs and literature data, it is worth emphasizing that it may lead to health problems in the near future, alcohol- or drug-dependence, as well as other types of risk behaviour.

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Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Use as an Event‐Level Predictor of Physical and Verbal Aggression in Bar Conflicts

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Correlates of verbal and physical aggression among patrons of licensed venues in Australia

Correlates of verbal and physical aggression among patrons of licensed venues in Australia

Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta‐analysis

Analysis of Consumption of Energy Drinks by a Group of Adolescent Athletes

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