Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses' memory of intimate partner violence

Karlén, Malin Hildebrand; Hjelmsäter, Emma Roos Af; Fahlke, Claudia; Granhag, Pär Anders; Gordh, Anna Söderpalm

doi:10.1080/1068316x.2014.951644

Cited by 22 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…(, 2017) and Hildebrand Karlén et al . (, 2017) used violent interactions (a kidnapping/intimate partner violence scenario respectively) viewed on film. Another source of variation is the difference in consumed amount of alcohol, which resulted in BAC levels ranging from 0.04 (Hagsand et al ., ) to 0.23 (Crossland et al ., ).…”

Section: Summary Of Results and Study Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hagsand et al ., (, 2017) and Hildebrand Karlén et al . (, 2017) used a consumption time of 15 min, whereas the studies by Schreiber Compo et al ., () and Yuille and Tollestrup () used 30 min. Both dose and consumption pace are important when investigating recall, since a higher dose of alcohol and a quicker pace of consumption will both increase the risk of impairment in memory recall (Curran, ; White, ).…”

Section: Summary Of Results and Study Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous research on alcohol intoxication, the reasons for this less distinct/deep encoding originate in a diminished ability to maintain focused attention (Sher et al ., ; Steele & Josephs, ), and in reduced cognitive processing capacities needed for abstract reasoning and decision‐making (e.g., organization, associations to memories retrieved from LTM, synthesis of thought) (Dry, Burns, Nettleback, Farquharson & White, ; Koelega, ; Tzambazis & Stough, ). The increased cognitive load/reduction in processing capacity due to intoxication found in these studies is likely a contributing reason to the less complete reports given by intoxicated witnesses (Crossland et al ., ; Hagsand et al ., ; Hildebrand Karlén et al ., , ; Yuille & Tollestrup, ). Furthermore, the distinction outlined in fuzzy‐trace theory between two types of retrieval: direct access to verbatim traces and reconstructive processing of gist traces (Brainerd, Wright, Reyna & Payne, ), are relevant to an in‐depth investigation of the theoretical assumptions underlying the quantity‐accuracy trade‐off.…”

Section: Weighing Of the Theories: Usefulness In Light Of Research Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sum, these theories indicate three key issues regarding the impact of alcohol on witness memory. First, alcohol dampens feelings of anxiety while the person experiences the event according to ADT (see Hildebrand Karlén, Roos af Hjelmsäter, Fahlke, Granhag & Soderpalm Gordh, ). Second, the level of anxiety also decreases due to intoxicated persons’ diminished maintained attention during the event according to AMT (see Steele & Josephs , ), but the observed deficits in maintained attention perhaps are more dependent on depth of processing rather that “time looking at the stimulus” (see Harvey et al ., ).…”

Section: Theories Proposed Relevant For When and Why Alcohol Impairs mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seventh and eight studies (Hildebrand Karlén et al ., , ), showed that the dose 0.7g/kg generated higher BAC mean for women than for men, and that a BAC > 0.08 was required to reduce the completeness of the free recall report for intoxicated witnesses to intimate partner violence (including neutral/verbally aggressive/physically aggressive interaction between a man and woman) viewed on video. In Hildebrand Karlén et al .…”

Section: Interviewing Intoxicated Witnesses: Summary Of Empirical Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interviewing intoxicated witnesses: Memory performance in theory and practice

Karlén

2017

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Memory encoding and recall involving complex, effortful cognitive processes are impaired by alcohol primarily due to impairment of a select few, but crucial, cortical areas. This review shows how alcohol affects some, but not all, aspects of eyewitnesses' oral free recall performance. The principal results, so far, are that: a) free recall reports by intoxicated witnesses (at the investigated BAC-levels) may contain less, but as accurate, information as reports by sober witnesses; b) immediate reports given by intoxicated witnesses may yield more information compared to reports by sober witnesses given after a one week delay; c) an immediate interview may enhance both intoxicated and sober witnesses' ability to report information in a later interview; and d) reminiscence seems to occur over repeated interviews and the new information seems to be as accurate as the previously reported information. Based on this, recommendations are given for future research to enhance understanding of the multifaceted impact of alcohol on witnesses' oral free recall of violent crimes.

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Section: Summary Of Results and Study Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Results and Study Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weighing Of the Theories: Usefulness In Light Of Research Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theories Proposed Relevant For When and Why Alcohol Impairs mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interviewing Intoxicated Witnesses: Summary Of Empirical Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interviewing intoxicated witnesses: Memory performance in theory and practice

Karlén

2017

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Eyewitness Science in the 21st Century

Davis

Loftus

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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This chapter reviews the nature and findings of eyewitness science with the help of expert testimony on eyewitness performance. Eyewitness scientists have investigated a number of factors that render the task of encoding the target's features more difficult, including characteristics of the target or perpetrator, those of the circumstances of their encounter, and those of the witness. Three characteristics of the target have been most commonly investigated. These include the distinctiveness of appearance, the available view of target features, and the similarity of the target to the witness in race, age, and gender. The own‐race bias (ORB) or cross‐race effect (CRE) refers to impairment in identification performance regarding targets of a different race relative to those of one's own race. Important goals have been to influence public policy: to encourage the adoption of police practices that minimize the likelihood of eyewitness errors, and to educate judges and juries about the factors that influence witness accuracy.

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Alcohol Intoxication Impairs Memory and Increases Suggestibility for a Mock Crime: A Field Study

Oorsouw

Smeets

2015

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Defendants and witnesses are often intoxicated by alcohol. We investigated whether memory and resistance to suggestive cues are undermined at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) that were (close to) zero (M BAC = 0.01%), moderate (M BAC = 0.06%), or high (M BAC = 0.16%). Participants (N = 67) were approached in bars and instructed to commit a mock crime. Immediately after this, their memory and susceptibility to suggestive questions were tested, and these were re-tested during a sober follow-up 3-5 days later. Compared with sober participants, moderate and severe intoxication was associated with lower levels of correctly recalled crime details during both test sessions (i.e. intoxicated and sober). Also, during both sessions, severely intoxicated participants displayed a greater tendency to go along with suggestive cues compared with sober participants. Thus, intoxication impaired memory and increased suggestibility during an immediate interview, and both effects persisted when sober again.

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Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses' memory of intimate partner violence

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Interviewing intoxicated witnesses: Memory performance in theory and practice

Interviewing intoxicated witnesses: Memory performance in theory and practice

Eyewitness Science in the 21st Century

Alcohol Intoxication Impairs Memory and Increases Suggestibility for a Mock Crime: A Field Study

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