Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanism and prevention

Abstract

Epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies established the association between high alcohol consumption and hypertension. However the mechanism through which alcohol raises blood pressure remains elusive. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed such as an imbalance of the central nervous system, impairment of the baroreceptors, enhanced sympathetic activity, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased cortisol levels, increased vascular reactivity due to increase in intracellular calcium levels, stimulation of the endothelium to release vasoconstrictors and loss of relaxation due to inflammation and oxidative injury of the endothelium leading to inhibition of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide production. Loss of relaxation due to inflammation and oxidative injury of the endothelium by angiotensin II leading to inhibition of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide production is the major contributors of the alcohol-induced hypertension. For the prevention of alcohol-induced hypertension is to reduce the amount of alcohol intake. Physical conditioning/exercise training is one of the most important strategies to prevent/treat chronic alcohol-induced hypertension on physiological basis. The efficacious pharmacologic treatment includes the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) which have antioxidant activity and calcium channel blockers. The most effective prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced hypertension is physical exercise and the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in the clinic.

【Original Contribution】 Plasma and Erythrocyte Membrane Plasmalogen Diminished in Severe Atherosclerotic Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy

“…Long-term vascular oxidative stress is associated with atherosclerosis 28,29) . in PC of the erythrocyte membrane support this speculation (Table 2).…”

Chronic and asymptomatic diseases influence the control of hypertension treatment in primary care

“…The association between alcohol and hypertension is well proven (25) , as well as its influence on disease control. As for physical activity, the reduction of blood pressure after exercise, especially in hypertensive patients, is also well documented (26) .…”

A Cross Sectional Study on Hypertension and Tobacco Consumption in the Rural Adult Population of Kamrup, Assam

“…Loss of relaxation due to inflammation and oxidative injury of the endothelium by Angiotensin II leading to inhibition of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide production is the major contributors of the alcohol-induced hypertension [21] …”

“…In young, physically active baseball players, no increase in systolic blood pressure or heart rate was found. West man (1995) [12] reported from his study ,the acute effects of smokeless tobacco have been documented by increases of up to 21 [14] as well as from a study among western population by Hergens et.al. (2008) .…”