Alcohol-Induced Blackout

Rose, Mark; Grant, Jon E.

doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e3181e1299d

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…One potential mechanism for this may be alterations in gamma aminio-butyric acid (GABA). For instance, having low levels of GABA is associated with a lower sedative response to alcohol, which may lead to continued heavy drinking, and then blackouts (Rose & Grant, 2010). Further, heavy drinkers have lower levels of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex, and this is associated with experiencing more alcohol-related consequences (Silveri et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol-induced blackouts and maternal family history of problematic alcohol use

Marino

Fromme

2015

Addictive Behaviors

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Background Consequences of heavy drinking include alcohol-induced blackouts, which are periods of amnesia for all or part of a drinking event. One risk factor for blackouts is family history of problematic alcohol use (FH+); however, research rarely distinguishes maternal from paternal FH+. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal or paternal FH+ better predicts likelihood of experiencing blackouts than a general measure of overall FH+, and whether gender moderates this association. Method Participants (N = 1,164; 65.4% Female) were first-time college freshman (age range = 17–19) who participated in a 6-year, 10-assessment, longitudinal study in the United States. Alcohol-induced blackouts, the dependent measure, were dichotomized (yes/no) based on endorsement of memory problems after drinking using a single item during Years 4–6. FH+, captured at baseline, was coded if participants self-reported that their mother, father, or any of their four grandparents were a possible or definite problem drinker. Results Overall, 773 (66.4%) participants reported experiencing blackouts during Years 4–6. Women were more likely to report blackouts than men; however, compared with women with a maternal FH+, men with a maternal FH+ were more than twice as likely to report blackouts. Discussion Men appear to be more susceptible than women to the effects of a maternal FH+. Genetic and environmental explanations for this finding are discussed. In sum, these findings are an important step towards understanding a significant yet understudied negative consequence of heavy alcohol use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants also began the study as university freshmen, so findings may not generalize to other populations. Further, while it is challenging to study blackouts, alcohol self-reports are reliable and valid (Del Boca & Darkes, 2003), and blackouts are an accepted phenomena (e.g., Rose & Grant, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol-induced blackouts and maternal family history of problematic alcohol use

Marino

Fromme

2015

Addictive Behaviors

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“…One common alcohol-related adverse consequence is an alcohol-related blackout (ARB), defined as not being able to remember parts (fragmentary) or entire periods (en bloc) of events that occurred while drinking and awake (Hartzler and Fromme, 2003; Rose and Grant, 2010). Almost 50% of drinkers, including college students, have ever experienced an ARB (Barnett et al, 2014; Mundt and Zakletskia, 2012; Nelson et al, 2004), as have 80% of individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (Raimo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) > .300 g/dL are associated with a 60% rate of ARBs, especially for en bloc events, although fragmentary blackouts are observed with BACs as low as >.06 g/dL (Hartzler and Fromme, 2003; Rose and Grant, 2010; Wetherill and Fromme, 2009). Higher drinking frequencies also relate to blackouts, perhaps reflecting their association with higher quantities (Jennison and Johnson, 1994; LaBrie et al, 2011; Mundt et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Trajectory Classes for Alcohol‐Related Blackouts from Age 15 to 19 in ALSPAC

Schuckit

Smith

Heron

et al. 2014

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) are reported by ~50% of drinkers. While much is known about the prevalence of ARBs in young adults and their cross-sectional correlates, there are few prospective studies regarding their trajectories over time during mid-adolescence. This paper reports latent trajectory classes of alcohol-related blackouts between ages 15 and 19, along with predictors of those patterns. Methods Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to evaluate the pattern of occurrence of ARBs across four time points for 1402 drinking adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Multinomial regression analyses evaluated age 15 demography, substance-related items, externalizing characteristics, and estimated peer substance use as predictors of latent class membership. Results ARBs were reported at age 15 in 30% and at age 19 in 74% of these subjects. Four latent trajectory classes were identified: Class 1 (5.1%) reported no blackouts; for Class 2 (29.5%) ARBs rapidly increased with age; for Class 3 (44.9%) blackouts slowly increased; and for Class 4 (20.5%) ARBs were consistently reported. Using Class 2 (rapid increasers) as the reference, predictors of class membership included female sex, higher drinking quantities, smoking, externalizing characteristics, and estimated peer substance involvement (pseudo R2 =.22). Conclusions ARBs were common and repetitive in these young subjects, and predictors of their trajectories over time involved multiple domains representing diverse characteristics.

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“…However, the inclusion of gender as a direct predictor and moderator was not significant. One could hypothesize that beyond gender differences in specific consequences of alcohol consumption (Hunt, 1993;Rose & Grant, 2010), alcohol-related problems are mainly linked to social differences between men and women. That is to say, gender roles that encourage greater consumption of alcohol and other substances among men, and women's residence in lower income neighborhoods, are relevant factors in the number of alcohol-related problems displayed, beyond the condition of being male or female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stressors, socioeconomic factors, and alcohol-related problems among Argentinian college students

Conde

Cremonte

2017

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Introduction. The relationship between alcohol consumption, individual characteristics, and alcohol-related problems may vary according to environmental characteristics in certain populations. Objective. To explore the existence of a hierarchical structure in the links between environmental stressors, individual socioeconomic factors, regular alcohol consumption, use of other substances, and alcohol-related problems in Argentinian university students. Method. With a correlational design and data from a random sample of students from a public university (N = 1578, 58% female), we used a multilevel modeling strategy as follows: alcohol-related problems; regular alcohol consumption (quantity/frequency) as fixed effect, use of other psychoactive substances, sociodemographic factors (individual socioeconomic status, age, and gender); and environmental stressors as random effects (index of overcrowding as an indicator of poverty and reported crime as an indicator of violence in the neighborhood). Results. The rate of overcrowding proved to be the best Level 2 predictor for the alcohol-related problems model. Socioeconomic status, quantity and frequency of consumption, use of other substances, and age directly predicted alcohol-related problems (Level 1). Gender was neither a direct predictor nor a moderator of the links. Discussion and conclusion. At least one environmental stressor (neighborhood poverty) partly explains the variability observed in alcohol-related problems. The quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption and the use of other psychoactive substances were the strongest predictors of alcohol-related problems.

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Alcohol-Induced Blackout

Cited by 55 publications

References 129 publications

Alcohol-induced blackouts and maternal family history of problematic alcohol use

Alcohol-induced blackouts and maternal family history of problematic alcohol use

Latent Trajectory Classes for Alcohol‐Related Blackouts from Age 15 to 19 in ALSPAC

Environmental stressors, socioeconomic factors, and alcohol-related problems among Argentinian college students

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