Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Clines in Drosophila melanogaster on Different Continents

Oakeshott, J. G.; Gibson, J. B.; Anderson, P. R.; Knibb, W. R.; Anderson, D. G.; Chambers, G. K.

doi:10.2307/2407970

Cited by 170 publications

(185 citation statements)

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“…Such shifts are typical of classic cases of local adaptation at the gene level [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, in high-dispersal species such as sea urchins, a second demographic possibility must be considered in which differential survival of dispersing larvae occurs every generation [3,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide polymorphisms show unexpected targets of natural selection

et al. 2011

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Natural selection can act on all the expressed genes of an individual, leaving signatures of genetic differentiation or diversity at many loci across the genome. New power to assay these genome-wide effects of selection comes from associating multi-locus patterns of polymorphism with gene expression and function. Here, we performed one of the first genome-wide surveys in a marine species, comparing purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, from two distant locations along the species' wide latitudinal range. We examined 9112 polymorphic loci from upstream non-coding and coding regions of genes for signatures of selection with respect to gene function and tissue-and ontogenetic gene expression. We found that genetic differentiation (F ST ) varied significantly across functional gene classes. The strongest enrichment occurred in the upstream regions of E3 ligase genes, enzymes known to regulate protein abundance during development and environmental stress. We found enrichment for high heterozygosity in genes directly involved in immune response, particularly NALP genes, which mediate pro-inflammatory signals during bacterial infection. We also found higher heterozygosity in immune genes in the southern population, where disease incidence and pathogen diversity are greater. Similar to the major histocompatibility complex in mammals, balancing selection may enhance genetic diversity in the innate immune system genes of this invertebrate. Overall, our results show that how genome-wide polymorphism data coupled with growing databases on gene function and expression can combine to detect otherwise hidden signals of selection in natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide polymorphisms show unexpected targets of natural selection

et al. 2011

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“…A feature of the seven collection sites was their narrow latitudinal range of only 0.4 ° (45 km), although the sites did cover longitudinal (175 km) and altitudinal (675 m) gradients. This narrow latitudinal range was selected to minimize the latitudinally dependent variation previously recorded for some of the biotic and genetic variables (Knibb, 1982a;Oakeshott et al, 1982a;Parsons & Bock, 1979b for review), and this strategy was generally successful (see following results).…”

Section: Variables Used In the Multivariate Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allele frequencies of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (Adh: 2-.50.1) of D. melanogaster also show latitudinal variation with Adh s allele frequencies increasing, and those of Adh F decreasing, with increasing distance towards the equator in North America (Berger, 1971;Johnson & Schaffer, 1973;Pipkin, Rhodes & Williams, 1973;Vigue & Johnson, 1973), Europe/Asia (Oakeshott et al, 1982a) and Australasia (Anderson, 1981;Oakeshott et al, 1982a;Wilks et al, 1980). Recurrence of the allozyme clines in the different regions is persuasive evidence that the Adh polymorphism is selected (Oakeshott et aL, 1982a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variation of Drosophila melanogaster Adh allele frequencies, inversion freqencies, and population sizes

Knibb

1986

Genetica

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The frequencies of cosmopolitan inversions and of Adh alleles in D. melanogaster, and population sizes of D. melanogaster and D. simulans have been monitored for two years in seven south-eastern Queensland sites. D. melanogaster population sizes showed greater 'summer' increases and 'winter' decreases than those of 19. simulans. Adh allele frequencies showed no seasonal or yearly variation, and no significant correlations with environmental variables after accounting for linkage disequilibrium with In(2L)t. Some inversion frequencies showed regular 'summer' to 'winter' declines, yearly variation, and significant correlations with population size. Thus, the temporal variation of some inversion frequencies, unlike that for Adh allele frequencies, paralleled previously reported frequency variation over latitude.

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“…melanogaster populations worldwide are polymorphic (Oakeshott et al, 1982) for two electrophoretic variants Gpdh s and Gpdh F (Grell, 1967); the allozyme GPDH s differs from GPDH F by a single amino acid residue substitution at position 336, which is lysine in GPDH s and asparagine in GPDH F (Bewley et al, 1989;von Kalm et al, 1989). At the DNA level this is reflected by a single nucleotide polymorphism at the third position of codon 336 (in exon 6), with an A in Gpdh s and a T in Gpdh F (Bewley et al, 1989;von Kalm etal., 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular structure of rare but geographically widespread sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ?ultra-fast? electrophoretic alleles in Drosophila melanogaster

1996

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Six naturally occurring but rare alleles of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpdh) in Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated in this study. They all belong to a class of GpdhUF (ultra-fast) alleles, because their electrophoretic mobilities are faster than that of the GpdhF (fast) allele. The GpdhUF variants are widespread, and have been reported from five continents. DNA sequence analysis has shown that the change in electrophoretic mobility was in each allele caused by a single amino acid residue substitution in the encoded protein. In the XiamenUF allele it is a substitution of lysine (AAA) to asparagine (AAT) in exon 1 (residue 3). An asparagine (AAT) to aspartate (GAT) change was found in exon 6 (residue 336) in the IowaUF and NetherlandsUF alleles. The mobility of the RaleighUF allele was altered by a valine (GTG) to glutamate (GAG) substitution in exon 3 (residue 76). Two mutations were detected in the BrazzavilleUF allele: a lysine (AAG) to methionine (ATG) substitution in exon 2 (residue 68) is responsible for the ultra-fast phenotype of this variant, while a tyrosine (TAT) to phenylalanine (TTT) substitution in exon 4 (residue 244) is not expected to alter the electrophoretic mobility of the encoded protein. These results indicate that the GpdhUF alleles originate from different mutational events, and only two of them--IowaUF and NetherlandsUF--might share a common ancestry. The GPDH activity of the IowaUF allele is intermediate between those of the GpdhS and GpdhF control stocks. The other GpdhUF variants have lower activities than the controls: XiamenUF--83%, RaleighUF--80% and BrazzavilleUF--73% of the GpdhF control.

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Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Clines in Drosophila melanogaster on Different Continents

Cited by 170 publications

References 22 publications

Genome-wide polymorphisms show unexpected targets of natural selection

Genome-wide polymorphisms show unexpected targets of natural selection

Temporal variation of Drosophila melanogaster Adh allele frequencies, inversion freqencies, and population sizes

Molecular structure of rare but geographically widespread sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ?ultra-fast? electrophoretic alleles in Drosophila melanogaster

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