Alcohol Craving Scale Based on Three Factors

Jiménez, M. Consuelo; Graña, José Luis; Montes, Victoria; Rubio, Gabriel

doi:10.1159/000210043

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It is self‐applied and includes 30 items presented in a Likert‐type questionnaire format with four response alternatives (0–3 points) grouped in six subscales: physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, behaviours to relieve withdrawal symptoms, alcohol consumption, impaired control and reappearance of symptoms after relapses. It distinguishes between mild dependence (score under 20), moderate dependence (21–37) and severe dependence (over 37). The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (Jimenez et al . 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variables involved in the cue modulation of the startle reflex in alcohol‐dependent patients

et al. 2011

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Cue modulation of the startle reflex is a paradigm that has been used to understand the emotional mechanisms involved in alcohol dependence. Attenuation of the startle reflex has been demonstrated when alcohol‐dependent subjects are exposed to alcohol‐related stimuli. However, the role of clinical variables on the magnitude of this response is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between a number of clinical variables—severity of alcoholism, family history of alcoholism (FHA+), personality traits related to the sensitivity to reward—and the startle reflex response when subjects with alcohol dependence were viewing alcohol‐related cues. After detoxification, 98 participants completed self‐report instruments and had eye blink electromyograms measured to acoustic startle probes [100‐millisecond burst of white noise at 95 dB(A)] while viewing alcohol‐related pictures, and standardised appetitive, aversive and neutral control scenes. Ninety‐eight healthy controls were also assessed with the same instruments. There were significant differences on alcohol‐startle magnitude between patients and controls. Comparisons by gender showed that women perceived alcohol cues and appetitive cues more appetitive than men. Male and female patients showed more appetitive responses to alcohol cues when compared with their respective controls. Our patients showed an appetitive effect of alcohol cues that was positively related to severity of alcohol dependence, sensitivity to reward and a FHA+. The data confirmed that the pattern of the modulation of the acoustic startle reflex reveals appetitive effects of the alcohol cues and extended it to a variety of clinical variables.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variables involved in the cue modulation of the startle reflex in alcohol‐dependent patients

et al. 2011

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“…These considerations rule out some potential measures from the current review. For example, the Alcohol Craving Scale Based on 3 Factors (ACS--3F; Jimenez, Grana, Montes, & Rubio, 2009) has items giving retrospective reports of perceived effects of alcohol ("Drinking made things seem perfect"), reasons for drinking ("I drank to have fun') and loss of control (e.g. "I found it difficult to go even one day without a drink").…”

Section: What Craving Is Notmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of alcohol craving

Kavanagh¹,

Statham²,

Feeney³

et al. 2013

Addictive Behaviors

111

105

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Despite considerable research activity and application in treatment, the construct of craving remains poorly understood. We propose that cravings and urges are cognitive-emotional events in time, characterised by frequency, duration, intensity and salience. Commonly used measures of alcohol craving are reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses identified. Most measures confound craving with behaviours, or with separable cognitive phenomena such as expectancies, intentions, or perceived behavioural control. These confounds have limited our advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of craving. Based on the criteria applied in this review, among the better performing multi-item measures are the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and Obsessive subscale of the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale. Optimal assessment strategies are likely to involve daily assessments of peak intensity of cravings, desires or urges and of the frequency and duration of craving episodes. Of particular interest are measures of intensity at times when individuals are at risk of drinking or of other functional impacts from craving.

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“…Among the dissociated instruments of these families, some instruments focus on the measurement of craving characteristics: the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale [28] and the Food Craving Inventory [148] and its translations [149–151]. Some of them take up dimensions present in the instruments of the QSU family [27], such as intense desire, lack of control and anticipation of relief (MACS [147], Alcohol Craving Scale based on three factors [152,153]) or from the OCDS family [108], such as obsessive thoughts (Craving Typology Questionnaire [154,155]). These instruments integrate the ‘positive reinforcement or expectation of reward’ dimension which is inspired by the latent structures of the instruments of the families previously described.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring craving: A systematic review and mapping of assessment instruments. What about sexual craving?

Miele

Cabé

et al. 2023

Addiction

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Background and aimsCraving is central in the definition of addictive disorders because of its diagnostic and prognostic value. Its measurement is essential in clinical practice. Previous reviews provided a better overview of existing instruments; however, they do not consider emerging substances and behaviors such as sexual addictions. Our objectives were threefold: (1) to provide a systematic review of craving assessment instruments and their psychometric characteristics within a transdiagnostic approach, (2) to highlight and map their conceptual relationships and (3) to identify potential sexual craving assessment instruments.MethodsThe review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo and Cochrane/Central databases were searched for publications that met the following inclusion criterion: validation studies of craving assessment instruments, regardless of target substance or behavior. The original search identified 4561 references and included 147 articles. Each selected study was a peer‐reviewed publication.ResultsThis review provides a synthesis of the psychometric properties of 36 original instruments and identified 93 variations of these instruments (e.g. translations). We were able to highlight five transdiagnostic families of instruments, each corresponding to a conceptual model. Only one instrument for assessing craving in the domain of compulsive sexual behavior, focused on pornography use, has been identified: the Pornography Craving Questionnaire.ConclusionThis review mapped all craving assessment instruments from a transdiagnostic perspective, finding 36 original instruments and 93 variations. The evolution of instruments to measure craving mirrors the evolution of the concept of craving which has progressively integrated cognitive, conditioning and sensory dimensions, and attests to the importance of the context of assessment. Development of an instrument to measure ‘sexual craving’ is needed and could be based on the data from our review.

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Alcohol Craving Scale Based on Three Factors

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Variables involved in the cue modulation of the startle reflex in alcohol‐dependent patients

Variables involved in the cue modulation of the startle reflex in alcohol‐dependent patients

Measurement of alcohol craving

Measuring craving: A systematic review and mapping of assessment instruments. What about sexual craving?

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