“…The progression of ALD, which includes fatty liver, alcohol-related hepatitis, and cirrhosis, is chiefly instigated by the hepatotoxic properties of alcohol, which sets off a series of adverse metabolic responses. The formerly held belief that malnutrition is the main driver behind ALD has been replaced by the understanding that alcohol metabolism is the primary trigger of a complex pathological sequence involving protein-aldehyde adduct formation, immune activation, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine release [27] , [28] , [29] . Emerging evidence underscores the significance of the liver-gut axis, emphasizing its substantial interaction with the gut microbiota.…”