Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure during pregnancy are hazardous behaviours which are increasing significantly in low and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. However, they have received little attention in Nigeria’s maternal health research and services. The prevalence, pattern and predictors of alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. Methods This is a part of a prospective cohort study among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria (Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS), which investigated the associations between maternal obesity, lifestyle characteristics and perinatal outcomes in Ibadan. Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure of 1745 pregnant women were assessed during enrollment by self-reports using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses examined the associations at a 5% level of statistical significance. Results The prevalence of pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption during pregnancy were 551 (31.7%) and 222 (12.7%), respectively, i.e. (one in every eight pregnancies is exposed to alcohol). Palm wine (52%) and beer (12%) were the most common alcohol consumed among pregnant women. The predictors of alcohol consumption during were pre-pregnancy alcohol use [AOR = 10.72, 95% CI: 6.88–16.70) and religion i.e. Muslims were less likely to consume alcohol during pregnancy compared to Christians: [AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.92). The prevalence of tobacco exposure in the index pregnancy was 64 (3.7%), i.e. one in every 27 pregnancies is exposed to tobacco. In contrast, cigarette smoking, second-hand smoke and smokeless tobacco were 0.4, 1.7 and 1.8%, respectively. Pre-pregnancy cigarette smoking was reported by 33(1.9%) and was the most significant predictor [AOR = 12.95; 95% CI: 4.93, 34.03) of tobacco exposure during pregnancy in our study population. Conclusions Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure are not uncommon and have been an ongoing but neglected threat to maternal and child health in Nigeria. Alcohol and tobacco control policy and programmes to prevent the use among pregnant and reproductive-age women in Nigeria should be implemented primarily during antenatal care.

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a Rural District in Tete, Mozambique

“…In this present study, there was statistically signi cant association between alcohol consumption with increasing age (OR= 8.86; 95% CI: 2.646-29.687; p-value = 0.00 and OR= 9.81; 95% CI: 2.262-42.576; pvalue = 0.002) respectively, and with some religion (OR= 0.07; 95% CI: 0.020-0.246; p-value = 0.00). There was concordance with previous studies done in sub-Saharan Africa (40), Nigeria (39), Tanzania (50) e Burkina Faso (51). In this study, belonging to either Muslim or Christian faiths was a protective factor for alcohol use during pregnancy.…”

“…This result is within the prevalence range of sub-Saharan African countries (2.2 and 59.28% to 87%) (15)(16)(17). In contrast, the prevalence of alcohol consumption in this survey was excessively higher than surveys conducted in Ethiopia (21,(24)(25)(26)(27), Burkina Faso (28,29), Republic of Congo (30,31), Uganda (32-36), South Africa (37), Nigeria (12,7%) (17,(38)(39)(40), Ghana (48%) (41) e Tanzania (42). This variation in prevalence may be due to sociocultural and contextual differences, as it is a rural setting and the tendency of alcohol consumption is higher in these areas.…”

“…Socio-demographic factors have been strongly associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy in both developing and developed countries. Studies in developing countries have found that women who drink alcohol are generally younger, less educated and unmarried (39,41). Other studies in the same region have found that older, well-educated women consume more alcohol during pregnancy (49).…”

Effect of price and income on the demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Nigeria: an analysis of household consumption data using an almost ideal demand system (AIDS)

“…The risk of omitted variable bias is inherent in any econometric estimation. For example, the fact that there has been rapid growth in fast food outlets in Nigeria,4 and that SSB consumption is positively associated with visits to fast food outlets,52 could be a source of omitted variable bias, as such data was not available in the NLSS 2018/2019.…”

Knowledge about the health risks of cigarette smoking in young adult smokers and nonsmokers university students: a comparative cross-sectional study

“…All types of tobacco are detrimental to health, including pipe tobacco, waterpipe tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, smokeless tobacco, bidis, cigarillos, kreteks, and cigars, but cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco used globally [2]. Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals with harmful exposure to human beings [3]. Moreover, it is one of the significant risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases [4].…”