Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Hong, Sung‐Eun; Khil, Hayeong; Lee, Dong Hoon; Keum, NaNa; Giovannucci, Edward

doi:10.3390/nu12082188

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Conflicting results have been reported when considering the association between alcohol consumption and PCa. While a significant dose-risk relationship between alcohol intake and aggressive PCa has been proposed starting at low intake level for liquor but at higher doses for wine [73,74], moderate red wine consumption had a protective effect, reducing the risk by 12% [75].…”

Section: Environmental and Occupational Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with no meat consumption, >10 g/d of very-well-done meat was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of PCa (95% CI: 1.05-1.92) 2. Total, red, or white meat intake was not associated with prostate cancer risk Sugar-sweetened beverages Llaha et al (2021) [72] Meta-analysis 4 458 056 Random effects showed a significant positive association between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juices, and PCa risk (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10-1.27 and RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, respectively) Alcohol Zhao et al (2016) [73] Meta-analysis NA Adjusted RR estimates indicated an increased risk of PCa among low-(RR: 1.08), medium-(RR: 1.07), high-(RR: 1.14), and higher-volume (RR: 1.18) drinkers compared with abstainers Hong et al (2020)[74] Meta-analysis NA 1. Total alcohol consumption was not associated with PCa 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer

Gandaglia

Leni

Bray

et al. 2021

European Urology Oncology

272

131

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Context: Worldwide, prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most common solid tumor in men. Objective: To assess the geographical distribution of PCa, epidemiological differences, and the most relevant risk factors for the disease. Evidence acquisition: Estimated incidence, mortality, and prevalence of PCa for the year 2020 in 185 countries were derived from the IARC GLOBOCAN database. A review of English-language articles published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify risk factors for PCa. Evidence synthesis: In the year 2020, there were over 1 414 000 estimated new cases of PCa worldwide, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) incidence of 31 per 100 000 (lifetime cumulative risk: 3.9%). Northern Europe has the highest all-age incidence ASR (83), while the lowest ASR was in South-Central Asia (6.3). In the year 2020, there were over 375 000 estimated deaths worldwide, and the overall mortality ASR was 7.7 per 100 000, with the highest ASR in the Caribbean (28) and the lowest in South-Central Asia (3.1). Family history, hereditary syndromes, and race are the strongest risk factors for PCa. Metabolic syndrome was associated with the risk of developing PCa, high-grade disease, and adverse pathology. Diabetes and exposure to ultraviolet rays were found to be inversely associated to PCa incidence. Cigarette smoking and obesity may increase PCa-specific mortality, while regular physical activity may reduce disease progression. Although 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are known to be associated with a reduced incidence of PCa, available studies failed to show an effect on overall mortality. Conclusions: Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality. Patient summary: Prostate cancer (PCa) rates vary profoundly worldwide, with incidence and mortality rates being highest in Northern Europe and Caribbean, respectively. South-Central Asia has the lowest epidemiological burden. Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors

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Section: Environmental and Occupational Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer

Gandaglia

Leni

Bray

et al. 2021

European Urology Oncology

272

131

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“…Our findings persisted after adjustment for previously identified risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and mortality, i.e., age, SES variables [22], and comorbidities related to tobacco smoking and alcohol [30][31][32]. Even though low SES, tobacco smoking, and excessive alcohol use are all associated with DUD [17,[25][26][27][28][29]38], these variables could not entirely explain the increased prostate cancer mortality among men with DUD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Several SES factors, for example neighborhood deprivation, being unmarried, or having low income or educational attainment, have been associated with increased prostate cancer risk and worse prostate cancer prognosis [22]. Lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking and negative alcohol-related consequences are overrepresented among people with low SES [23,24] or DUD [25][26][27][28][29], and are also identified as risk factors for prostate cancer and poor prognosis in some studies although the associations are heterogeneous [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use disorder and risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer among Swedish men: a nationwide epidemiological study

Dahlman

Crump

et al. 2021

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Men with drug use disorders (DUD) may potentially be at high risk for prostate cancer mortality because of delayed diagnosis and/or undertreatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and stage at time of diagnosis among men with DUD compared to the general male population in Sweden. Methods We performed a follow-up study based on Swedish national register data for the period January 1997–December 2016. The study was based on 1,361,532 men aged 50–75 years at inclusion, of whom 9,259 were registered with DUD. Cox regression analysis was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident and fatal prostate cancer, and cancer stage at time of diagnosis, associated with DUD. Results DUD was associated with a slightly increased risk of incident prostate cancer (HR: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.14, p = 0.048) and substantially higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.82, p < 0.001), adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities related to tobacco smoking and alcohol use disorder. No association was found between DUD and prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Conclusions Men with DUD have an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer, possibly related to undertreatment in this patient population. Our findings should raise attention among medical staff and decision-makers towards a disadvantaged group of men in need of easily accessible prostate cancer evaluation and treatment.

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“…There was a significant dose-response relationship for current drinkers (Zhao et al, 2016). In a recent linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses of cohort studies on alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk by types of alcohol and type of prostate cancer (non-aggressive and aggressive), Hong et al (2020) found that total alcohol consumption was not associated with aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancer, while wine was not significantly associated with non-aggressive prostate cancer.…”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of alcohol consumption in general, and wine in particular, on the risk of cancer development: a review

Teissèdre

Rasines-Perea

Ruf³

et al. 2020

OENO One

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Since 1988, alcohol has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, the highest level of risk, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In fact, alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. It accounts for 4.65 % of the global burden of both injury and disease, making it one of the most preventable causes of injury and death. Tissues in closest contact with alcohol when it is ingested, such as those of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx, have at greater risk of becoming cancerous than other body tissues. The consumption of alcohol is also associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon, rectum, liver, female breast and ovarian cancers. Conversely, recent studies suggest that red wine components inhibit colony formation of human breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma cells, suggesting that wine-derived phenolic compounds may be inhibitory, in contrast to the alcohol component of wine. Because of a lack of systematic studies dealing with the different types of cancer and alcoholic beverages and wine in particular, in this narrative review we summarize the general risk of cancer linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, including wine, according to type of cancer, with 140 extracted relevant references from 1966 to 2020. Mostly epidemiological studies concerning large cohorts have been selected. For the cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, breast cancer, pancreatic, prostate, an excessive consumption and/or misuse of alcoholic beverages is correlated with increased risk. Conversely a probable decreased risk has been found for renal/kidney cancers, as well as for Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as thyroid lymphomas, associated with the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. There is no evidence of ovarian, gastric, head and neck, and lung cancer being linked to the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and many factors contribute to effects on health status, usually being both genetic and environmental. Habits (smoking, dietary/lifestyle pattern/ habits, physical activity), should also be taken into account when defining appropriate consumption frequencies for different types of alcoholic drink (wine, beer, spirits). Further research is needed related to wine consumption in the context of a healthy dietary and lifestyle pattern given health-promoting constituents of wine and its effects on cancer incidence.

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Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer

Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer

Drug use disorder and risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer among Swedish men: a nationwide epidemiological study

Effects of alcohol consumption in general, and wine in particular, on the risk of cancer development: a review

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