Alcohol Consumption and Stroke Incidence in Male Smokers

Leppälä, Jaana M.; Paunio, Mikko; Virtamo, Jarmo; Fogelholm, R; Albanês, Demetrius; Taylor, Philip R.; Heinonen, Olli P.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.11.1209

Cited by 83 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The monotonic increasing trend of mortality with high GGT levels is unlikely to simply reflect the effects of alcohol consumption 16 because most studies have shown a U-or J-shaped relationship of alcohol drinking to cardiovascular 17,18 and all-cause mortality. 19 There is evidence supporting a mild to moderate independent beneficial effect of alcohol consumption on CVD risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

et al. 2005

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the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Promotion Program Study GroupBackground-There is evidence from recent studies that ␥-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is likely to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies to date with sufficient sample size and follow-up investigated the association of GGT with CVD mortality. Methods and Results-The relation of GGT to the risk of death from CVD was examined in a cohort of 163 944 Austrian adults that was monitored for up to 17 years. To evaluate GGT as an independent predictor, Cox proportional hazards models were calculated, which adjusted for established risk factors. In both men and women, high GGT was significantly (PϽ0.001) associated with total mortality from CVD, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) per log GGT increase were 1.66 (1.40 to 1.98) in men and 1.64 (1.36 to 1.97) in women. In men, subgroup analyses showed that high GGT was positively associated with incident fatal events of chronic forms of coronary heart disease (Pϭ0.009), congestive heart failure (PϽ0.001), and hemorrhagic (Pϭ0.01) and ischemic stroke (PϽ0.001). No significant associations were observed for acute myocardial infarction (Pϭ0.16). In women, hazard ratios suggested associations in all subgroups; however, for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke they were not statistically significant (Pϭ0.09 and Pϭ0.07, respectively). In addition, subgroup analyses stratified by age revealed a stronger relationship of GGT in younger participants. Hazard ratios for total CVD were 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

et al. 2005

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“…In total, during 1980 -1998, 37% of patients with aneurysmal SAH died within 3 months. Hypertension, 6,47-51 cigarette smoking, 6,47,48,50,52-60 and alcohol consumption 6,50,55,57,61 have been studied as independent risk factors for SAH. The risk of SAH was especially high among lean hypertensive subjects and lean smoking subjects, that is, BMI was inversely associated with the risk of SAH.…”

Section: Inagawa Incidence and Case Fatality Rates Of Aneurysmal Sahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Incidence and Case Fatality Rates of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Izumo City, Japan, Between 1980–1989 and 1990–1998

Inagawa

2001

Stroke

137

109

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Tetsuji Inagawa, MDBackground and Purpose-With aging of the population, the profile of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is likely to change; however, evaluation of long-term trends for incidence and case fatality rates of SAH is still limited. Methods-We compared the incidence and case fatality rates of aneurysmal SAH during the 9-year period 1990 -1998 with those during the 10-year period 1980 -1989 in Izumo City, Japan. Results- During 1980During -1989During and 1990During -1998, we diagnosed 170 and 188 patients as having aneurysmal SAH, respectively.The percentage of very elderly patients aged Ն80 years increased from 5% (8 patients) during 1980 -1989 to 18% (33 patients) during 1990 -1998 (PϽ0.001). The age-specific incidence rate of SAH has a tendency to increase with increasing age. The crude and the age-and sex-adjusted incidence rates using the 1995 population statistics for Japan were 21 and 23 per 100 000/y for all ages during 1980 -1989 and 25 and 23 per 100 000/y during 1990 -1998, respectively. The 3-month case fatality rate of patients aged Յ79 years decreased from 38% during 1980 to 26% during 1990, whereas the case fatality rates in patients aged Ն80 years were very high (63% and 79%, respectively) regardless of study periods. Consequently, the overall case fatality rates for patients with SAH were similar for the 2 study periods (39% and 36%). Conclusions-The age-and sex-adjusted incidence rates of aneurysmal SAH were stable over the 19-year period since 1980 and, despite improvement of outcome in patients aged Յ79 years, the overall case fatality rate was not lower because the improvements were counterbalanced by increasing numbers of very elderly patients. Key Words: cerebral aneurysm Ⅲ epidemiology Ⅲ incidence Ⅲ Japan Ⅲ subarachnoid hemorrhage J

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“…Alcohol has been consistently associated with a reduced risk of CAD (Agarwal, 2002). Most prospective and retrospective studies have reported an alcohol-induced reduction in cardiovascular risk (Boffetta & Garfinkel, 1990;Wannamethee & Sharper, 1998;Leppala et al 1999;White et al 2002). During the last 20 years the level of alcohol that has been shown to be associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk has declined from moderate amounts (20-30 g/d) to small amounts (5-15 g/d).…”

Section: Alcohol and Coronary Artery Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the well-known negative as well as positive aspects of its role in the pathogenesis of different chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) or cancer (Leppala et al 1999;MacDonald, 1999;Ruf, 1999;Suter, 2001a;Mukamal et al 2003), the controversy about the 'ideal' intake of alcohol for health maintenance continues.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alcohol, nutrition and health maintenance: selected aspects

Suter

2004

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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In view of the developments in health care relating to the increased prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases and the continuing increase in health-care expenditure, more attention should be paid to health maintenance and disease prevention. Any strategy that can influence health maintenance is of interest, especially lifestyle factors such as nutrition, exercise or stress control. Alcohol has an important place in the daily life of many healthy as well as sick individuals. Alcohol has three major characteristics; it is a nutrient (energy source), a psychoactive drug and a toxin. Each consumer has the choice of which of the characteristics of alcohol he/she wants to utilise. Thus, alcohol represents one of the most important self-implemented disease modifiers in our modern society. The major determinants of the health effects of alcohol are the absolute amount consumed, the consumption frequency, associated lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, nutrient intake, substrate composition, physical activity pattern) and last, but not least, the genetic background. There are few known disease conditions that have not already been associated positively or negatively with alcohol consumption. The list of diseases includes atherosclerosis, dementia, diabetes, obesity and conditions relating to Zn metabolism. Obesity represents the most important disease modifier in the world and the prevalence rates are increasing rapidly. Evidence suggests that alcohol represents a risk factor for overweight and obesity as a result of specific effects on energy metabolism and substrate metabolism. The potential role of alcohol as an important modulator for the postprandial lipidaemia and its role in the pathogenesis of modern diseases will be discussed.

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Alcohol Consumption and Stroke Incidence in Male Smokers

Cited by 83 publications

References 39 publications

γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

Trends in Incidence and Case Fatality Rates of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Izumo City, Japan, Between 1980–1989 and 1990–1998

Alcohol, nutrition and health maintenance: selected aspects

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