“…According to the previous studies (23,30,31), the following covariates were included: age, race/ethnicity (Mexican-American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Other Races), body mass index (BMI, under/normal weight: <25 kg/m 2 , overweight: 25 to <30 kg/m 2 , obesity: ≥30 kg/m 2 ), education (≤high school, some college or AA degree, ≥college graduate), annual family income (<$20,000, $20,000-$44,999, $45,000-$74,999, ≥$75,000), smoking (current smoker, former smoker, never smoker), alcohol drinking (g/day), and physical activity (vigorous/moderate recreational activities for at least 10 min continuously in a typical week). In addition, current diabetes and metabolic syndrome were also considered in stratified analyses.…”