Alcohol consumption and cerebral blood flow among older adults

Christie, Israel C.; Price, Julie C.; Edwards, Louisa; Muldoon, Matthew F.; Meltzer, Carolyn C.; Jennings, J. Richard

doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.03.132

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…514 Heavy alcohol consumption can result in hypertension, hypercoagulability, reduced cerebral blood flow, and increased risk of atrial fibrillation. 493,498,500,513,515 A recent prospective cohort study among 43 685 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and 71 243 women from the Nurses' Health Study 8 showed that alcohol intake had a J-shaped association for risk of stroke. A lower risk of stroke was found in women who were light drinkers, but women who drank Ն30 g of alcohol per day had a 40% increased risk of stroke (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.88 for ischemic stroke; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.86 to 2.28 for hemorrhagic stroke).…”

Section: Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke

Goldstein¹,

Bushnell²,

Adams³

et al. 2011

Stroke

1,286

577

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Background and Purpose-This guideline provides an overview of the evidence on established and emerging risk factors for stroke to provide evidence-based recommendations for the reduction of risk of a first stroke. Methods-Writing group members were nominated by the committee chair on the basis of their previous work in relevant topic areas and were approved by the American Heart Association (AHA) Stroke Council Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and the AHA Manuscript Oversight Committee. The writing group used systematic literature reviews (covering the time since the last review was published in 2006 up to April 2009), reference to previously published guidelines, personal files, and expert opinion to summarize existing evidence, indicate gaps in current knowledge, and when appropriate, formulate recommendations using standard AHA criteria (Tables 1 and 2). All members of the writing group had the opportunity to comment on the recommendations and approved the final version of this document. The guideline underwent extensive peer review by the Stroke Council leadership and the AHA scientific statements oversight committees before consideration and approval by the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Results-Schemes for assessing a person's risk of a first stroke were evaluated. Risk factors or risk markers for a first stroke were classified according to potential for modification (nonmodifiable, modifiable, or potentially modifiable) and strength of evidence (well documented or less well documented). Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, sex, low birth weight, race/ethnicity, and genetic predisposition. Well-documented and modifiable risk factors include hypertension, exposure to cigarette smoke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and certain other cardiac conditions, dyslipidemia, carotid artery stenosis, sickle cell disease, postmenopausal hormone therapy, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity and body fat

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Section: Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke

Goldstein¹,

Bushnell²,

Adams³

et al. 2011

Stroke

1,286

577

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, chronic application of grape polyphenols did not affect vascular function in the brachial artery in healthy men [43]. In a PET study of resting cerebral blood flow in 51 men and 35 women [44], an inverted J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and cerebral blood flow was found with a global cerebral blood flow greater in the lightest alcohol consumption group (<1 per week) and lower in the heaviest (>15 per week). In contrast, our study demonstrated no effect of chronic consumption of small amounts of polyphenol-rich red wine on cerebral blood flow velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advice on Lifestyle Changes (Diet, Red Wine and Physical Activity) Does Not Affect Internal Carotid and Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity in Patients with Carotid Arteriosclerosis in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Droste

Iliescu²,

Vaillant³

et al. 2014

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background: A Mediterranean diet, with and without small daily amounts of red wine, and physical activity reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease and improve cognition. An increase in cerebral blood flow may be the underlying mechanism. Under normal conditions, cerebral blood flow velocity changes in the internal carotid arteries and in large basal cerebral arteries correlate closely with cerebral blood flow changes, as the diameter of these vessels hardly changes and only the smaller vessels downstream change their diameter. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in 108 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (mean age 64 years, 67% men, 66% on statin therapy). Half of them were advised to follow a polyphenol-rich modified Mediterranean diet including 1-2 tomatoes, 3-5 walnuts and a bar of dark chocolate (25 g) a day and to perform moderate physical exercise for 30 min/day (lifestyle changes). Within these two groups, half of the patients were randomized either to avoid any alcohol or to drink 100 ml of red wine (women) or 200 ml of red wine (men) daily. Bilateral middle cerebral and internal carotid blood flow velocity (peak systolic, peak end-diastolic and mean) was measured at baseline and after 4 and 20 weeks using colour-coded duplex ultrasound. Insonation depth and insonation angle were used to identically place the sample volume during follow-up investigations. A general linear model with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to assess the primary end points. For the analysis we used the mean values of the right and left artery. Results: Neither lifestyle changes nor red wine had an effect on peak systolic, peak end-diastolic or mean cerebral blood flow velocity. Conclusions: Advice on lifestyle changes, including a modified polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet, a glass of red wine daily and physical exercise, did not affect middle cerebral and internal carotid blood flow velocity in our patient group with carotid atherosclerosis. An increase in cerebral blood flow is thus unlikely to be the cause of the reduced risk of cerebrovascular disease and improved cognitive functioning described in the literature. One possible explanation for the fact that blood flow velocity was not affected by red wine, diet and physical activity advice is that two thirds of our patients were already on statin therapy. Statins increase cerebral blood flow and vasomotor reactivity via nitric oxide.

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“…685,686 Heavy alcohol consumption can result in hypertension, 687–693 hypercoagulability, reduced cerebral blood flow, 694 and an increased risk of AF. 662,668,695–698 Studies show an increased risk for stroke in hypertensive patients who consume alcohol, as well as poor BP control in heavy drinkers with hypertension.…”

Section: Less Well-documented or Potentially Modifiable Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke

Meschia¹,

Bushnell²,

Boden‐Albala³

et al. 2014

Stroke

1,622

586

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The aim of this updated statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of stroke among individuals who have not previously experienced a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Evidence-based recommendations are included for the control of risk factors, interventional approaches to atherosclerotic disease of the cervicocephalic circulation, and antithrombotic treatments for preventing thrombotic and thromboembolic stroke. Further recommendations are provided for genetic and pharmacogenetic testing and for the prevention of stroke in a variety of other specific circumstances, including sickle cell disease and patent foramen ovale.

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Alcohol consumption and cerebral blood flow among older adults

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke

Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke

Advice on Lifestyle Changes (Diet, Red Wine and Physical Activity) Does Not Affect Internal Carotid and Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity in Patients with Carotid Arteriosclerosis in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke

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