Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence in men with and without hypertension: the Suita study

Abstract

The relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is U-shaped, whereas alcohol drinking is linearly associated with blood pressure, and the CVD risk also increases linearly according to blood pressure level. Accordingly, we investigated the net effect of alcohol consumption and hypertension on CVD and its subtypes in this study. A 13-year prospective study of 2336 Japanese men who were free from CVD was performed; ex-drinkers were excluded. The participants were divided into eight groups classified by the combination of the presence of hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) and alcohol consumption (never-, current- (light, moderate and heavy) drinkers). Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke due to the combination of hypertension and alcohol consumption were calculated and compared with non-hypertensive never-drinkers. The HRs for CVD and its subtypes were higher in hypertensives than those in non-hypertensives; in hypertensives without medication for hypertension, the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risks for CVD and CAD was U-shaped, with the highest and most significant increase in never-drinkers. The risk for total stroke was the highest in heavy-drinkers, which was significant. In non-hypertensives, there was no evident increase or decrease in the HRs for CVD and its subtypes in drinkers. Accordingly, controlling blood pressure is important to prevent CVD. In hypertensives, heavy drinking should be avoided to prevent CVD, although light-to-moderate drinking could be protective for CAD. Furthermore, in non-hypertensives, drinkers may need to continuously monitor their blood pressure.

Hypertension, alcohol drinking and stroke incidence

“…Among the hypertensive individuals, the risk for total and ischemic stroke was the highest in heavy drinkers, whereas in nonhypertensive individuals, there was no significant increase or decrease in the hazard ratios for stroke and its subtypes in drinkers. The results of the study by Higashiyama et al [24] were similar to ours in the present study. In the study by Kiyohara et al [25], the risk for cerebral haemorrhage among hypertensive individuals (!160/95 mmHg) was significantly increased in heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers; the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk for cerebral infarction was U-shaped; also, an increase in the risk for haemorrhagic and cerebral stroke was not shown in any drinkers among the nonhypertensive individuals (<160/95 mmHg).…”

“…In INTERSALT study, significant relation of heavy drinking (three to four or more drinks/day) to hypertension was observed in both men and women [23]. However, few studies [24,25] investigated the cumulative effects of hypertension and alcohol drinking on stroke in a prospective study of the general population. Recently, Higashiyama et al [24] reported a 13-year prospective study among 2336 Japanese men who were free from CVD at baseline.…”

“…However, few studies [24,25] investigated the cumulative effects of hypertension and alcohol drinking on stroke in a prospective study of the general population. Recently, Higashiyama et al [24] reported a 13-year prospective study among 2336 Japanese men who were free from CVD at baseline. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for CVD and its subtypes were consistently higher in hypertensive individuals than in nonhypertensive individuals, regardless of alcohol consumption.…”

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Stroke in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

“…Of the 21 studies, 18 received 6 scores or higher on the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale and were considered to be of high methodological quality. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] …”

A influência da ingestão de bebida alcoólica e transtornos mentais comuns não psicóticos na pressão arterial dos indígenas Mura

“…Porém quando utilizada em excesso o risco torna-se aumentado 272 , sendo assim um fator protetor para dislipidemias quando usado corretamente.…”