Alcohol consumption alters insulin secretion and cardiac autonomic activity

Flanagan, Daniel; Pratt, Edward John; Murphy, June; Vaile, J.; Petley, Graham W.; Godsland, Ian F.; Kerr, David

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00970.x

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Compared with our study, the men and women in the recent report from the U.K. were considerably younger (aged 21-41 years), thinner (mean BMI 22 kg/m 2 ), had a lower alcohol intake (i.e., 31 g alcohol/day), and were more insulin sensitive with low fasting insulin ϳ6 pmol/l (27). Additionally, the alcohol …”

Section: Statisticscontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…To our knowledge, there have been three previous reports of alcohol intervention studies investigating the effect of alcohol use on insulin sensitivity (19,20,27). Compared with our study, the men and women in the recent report from the U.K. were considerably younger (aged 21-41 years), thinner (mean BMI 22 kg/m 2 ), had a lower alcohol intake (i.e., 31 g alcohol/day), and were more insulin sensitive with low fasting insulin ϳ6 pmol/l (27).…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Alcohol Intake on Insulin Sensitivity in Men

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE -Population data suggest that alcohol consumption may influence the risk of diabetes in a biphasic manner, but this has not been tested by any controlled interventions. The object of this study was to determine whether reducing alcohol intake in moderate-to-heavy drinkers (40 -110 g/day) results in improvement in insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A 4-week run-in period where subjects maintained their usual drinking pattern was followed by randomization to a two-way cross-over intervention study. In each of two 4-week treatment interventions, subjects either substituted their usual alcohol intake with a 0.9% alcohol beer or maintained their usual alcohol intake. At the end of each 4-week period, insulin sensitivity as determined by the low-dose insulin glucose infusion test and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score, and biomarkers of alcohol consumption (␥-glutamyl transpeptidase [␥-GT] and HDL cholesterol) were measured.RESULTS -A total of 16 healthy men aged 51.0 Ϯ 2.7 (mean Ϯ SEM) years with a BMI of 26.4 Ϯ 0.61 kg/m 2 completed the study. There was a large reduction in alcohol intake (72.4 Ϯ 5.0 vs. 7.9 Ϯ 1.6 g/day, P Ͻ 0.001) and significant reductions in ␥-GT (geometric mean .2], P Ͻ 0.01) and HDL cholesterol (1.36 Ϯ 0.07 vs. 1.13 Ϯ 0.07 mmol/l, P Ͻ 0.001). There was no effect of alcohol on insulin sensitivity index (ISI), fasting insulin, glucose, or HOMA score.CONCLUSIONS -A substantial reduction in alcohol intake from 7.2 to 0.8 standard drinks per day in healthy men did not change insulin sensitivity as measured by ISI or HOMA score. Diabetes Care 26:608 -612, 2003P resently, it is difficult to simply define overall effects of alcohol on the insulin-glucose axis. Acutely, alcohol impairs insulin sensitivity in shortterm experiments using insulin-glucose clamp techniques (1-5). In contrast, evidence from cross-sectional populationbased studies suggests an association between chronic alcohol exposure and improvement in insulin sensitivity (6), but such studies are rendered inherently weak by the potential for confounding by other variables affecting insulin sensitivity, especially adiposity (7-10). Although there have been no prospective studies evaluating the effect of long-term alcohol use on insulin sensitivity, per se, there have been a number of studies investigating whether there is any association between alcohol use at baseline and subsequent incidence of type 2 diabetes. Many of these studies found that light (ϳ3-18 g/day) (11-13) to moderate (18 -49 g/day) (14 -16) alcohol use was associated with a reduced risk for the development of diabetes. Two of these studies (11,13) were hampered due to the very limited number of subjects with moderate to heavy intake (i.e., Ͼ20 g/day, equivalent to more than two standard drinks per day). In the prospective Rancho Bernardo Study (17), the upper tertile of drinkers consumed Ͼ25 g alcohol/day, whereas in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (18), Ͼ8% of the male population consumed Ͼ36 g alcohol/day. Data from...

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Section: Statisticscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Alcohol Intake on Insulin Sensitivity in Men

et al. 2003

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“…Although several hypotheses have been postulated for alcohol-induced brain tissue damage including toxicity of alcohol or its metabolite acetaldehyde, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and fatty acid ethyl esters, modifications of lipoprotein and apolipoprotein particles, metabolic and excitotoxic changes as well as genetic predisposition (Hannuksela et al 2002;Kucera et al 2002;Patel et al 1997;Zhang et al 2004;Zimatkin et al 2006), none of the scenarios received full validation from clinical and experimental data. Recent evidence suggests a role of insulin sensitization in neurocognitive recovery and psychosocial adaptation in chronic alcoholics (Esler et al 2001), which is in line with the notion that alcohol intake may alter insulin secretion and autonomic activity (Flanagan et al 2002). Nonetheless, the relationship between alcohol intake and insulin sensitivity has been controversial for the last several decades.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Chronic alcohol consumption alters mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces ribosomal p70s6 kinase and p4E-BP1 levels in mouse cerebral cortex

Ren

2007

Experimental Neurology

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Reduced insulin sensitivity following chronic alcohol consumption may contribute to alcoholinduced brain damage although the underlying mechanism(s) has not been elucidated. This study was designed to examine the effect of chronic alcohol intake on insulin signaling in mouse cerebral cortex. FVB mice were fed with a 4% alcohol diet for 16 weeks. Insulin receptor substrates (IRS-1, IRS-2) and post-receptor signaling molecules Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal p70s6 kinase (p70s6k) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) as well as the apoptotic marker caspase-3 were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Chronic alcohol intake significantly dampened whole body glucose tolerance, enhanced expression of caspase-3 and mTOR, reduced p70s6k and 4E-BP1 with little effect on Akt signaling in alcohol consuming mice. These data suggest that chronic alcohol intake may contribute to cerebral cortex dysfunction through mechanisms related, at least in part, to dampened post insulin receptor signaling at the levels of mTOR, p70s6k and 4E-BP1.

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“…Among women living alone, there were more alcohol abstainers and lower consumption among users, which seemed to have a negative impact on glucose tolerance. Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to decrease the risk of diabetes (27), possibly related to long-term effects on glucose metabolism of liver transformations (28).…”

Section: Risk Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Living Alone Have an Increased Risk to Develop Diabetes, Which Is Explained Mainly by Lifestyle Factors

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to assess the role of household conditions for the progression to diabetes in women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A total of 461 women, aged 50 -64 years, with IGT defined by an oral glucose tolerance test, had baseline advice on physical exercise, diet, smoking, and alcohol habits. Physical examination, blood tests, and questionnaires were completed at baseline and after 2.5 years. Household status was categorized into living alone or with a partner, other adults, or children.RESULTS -Women living alone had a 2.68-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.02-7.05) of developing diabetes after adjustments for biological risk factors. Further stepwise adjustments for education, occupation, subjective mental health, exercise, diet, and alcohol showed remaining significant odds ratios (ORs), decreasing from 3.26 (1.19 -8.96) to 3.03 (1.02-8.99). However, when smoking status was added, the OR became nonsignificant, 2.07 (0.62-6.88). More women who lived alone smoked and did not reduce their daily cigarette consumption compared with women in other household conditions. At follow-up, women living alone had reduced their alcohol consumption and were more often abstainers and fewer had healthy dietary habits or had improved their diet. Physical exercise did not differ among the groups. Separate analyses of any other household status did not show any excess risk for development of diabetes.CONCLUSIONS -Women living alone had a higher risk to progress from IGT to diabetes, mostly explained by smoking, alcohol, and dietary habits. Household conditions should be accounted for when assessing future risk for diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:2531-2536, 2005B iological risk markers for type 2 diabetes, such as obesity and insulin resistance, are well known (1), and short-term results have described positive effects of changes in lifestyle in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (2,3). To fully understand the causes for the increase in IGT and diabetes (4), a broader perspective that considers social and psychological aspects is needed. Low education and social inequity have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (5,6). Depressive symptoms have been shown to be associated with increased diabetes incidence in women (7), and depression is more pronounced among women who are widows or divorced (8). The rate of divorces has increased during the last 100 years in the western world as well as in Sweden and has doubled the past decade among those Ͼ70 years (9). Individuals living alone after divorce or being widowed or who have never married have an increased mortality risk (9), only partly explained by higher rates of suicide (10). Living conditions according to household status may be a psychosocial stressor in daily life that could have an impact on health and outcome of diseases, such as diabetes. We have previously described a subgroup of welleducated single women with a more favorable lifestyle (11), whereas women living alone in general had impairments in...

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Alcohol consumption alters insulin secretion and cardiac autonomic activity

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

The Effect of Alcohol Intake on Insulin Sensitivity in Men

The Effect of Alcohol Intake on Insulin Sensitivity in Men

Chronic alcohol consumption alters mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces ribosomal p70s6 kinase and p4E-BP1 levels in mouse cerebral cortex

Women Living Alone Have an Increased Risk to Develop Diabetes, Which Is Explained Mainly by Lifestyle Factors

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